BBS in a Box 7/BBS in a Box - Macintosh - Volume VII (BBS in a Box) (January 1993).iso/Files/Hyper/Q-R/References.cpt/References/cards.xml

Text File | 1992-05-04 | 1MB | 38,752 lines

card_53145.xml
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card_16528.xml
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card_2183.xml
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card_75082.xml
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card_58766.xml
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card_86049.xml
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card_120254.xml
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        <text>Why sidespin helps the bowler—and how to keep scoring strikes</text>
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card_172573.xml
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        <text>Jun-ichi Aihara</text>
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        <text>The closed-carbon rings of the aromatic compounds are built to endure. They are found in soot and meteorites and have been identified among the gases of distant nebulae. In industrial chemistry, aromatics are essential as solvents and as reagents for dyes and resins. Chemists have only recently understood their incredible stability by drawing on quantum mechanics and topology. </text>
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card_177918.xml
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        <text>Pesticides were blamed when familiar birdsongs were suddenly stilled in the 1960s. The worst culprits were banned, but migratory songbirds continue to decline. The reasons, the author argues, are increased pressure from predators and parasites in North American nesting sites and deforestation of tropical wintering areas. </text>
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card_55696.xml
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        <text>Where Buffalo Roam…</text>
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        <text>Why do traditional “Cowboy and Indian” movies represent the native Americans as nomads who followed the herds of “buffalo” (actually bison) across the plains of North America? The answer, though far from simple, has to do with a change in climate that destroyed a settled Amerindian civilization in the thirteenth century, at the end of a period of warmth known to climatologists as the “little optimum.” This period of adverse weather has recently become of considerable interest, as climatologists have realized that human activities are now changing the climate once more. And it shows, in particular, how much the lifestyles and habitats of animals such as bison (and people) are affected by small climatic changes. </text>
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        <text>anthropology, biology, ecology, history, meteorology, multiculturalism, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_43459.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>When the Melting and Freezing Points Are Not the Same</text>
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        <text>R. Stephen Berry</text>
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        <text>Freezing and melting points are not always one and the same. Experiments with atomic clusters—small groups of atoms that share the properties of individual molecules and bulk materials—show that these two temperatures can actually be very different. Depending on the available energy, clusters can simultaneously exist as solids and liquids, then jump abruptly to either state. </text>
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        <text>chemistry</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_47996.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>When Science Takes the Witness Stand</text>
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        <text>Peter J. Neufeld and Neville Colman</text>
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        <text>April 1990</text>
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        <text>Science is no stranger in the courtroom. Fingerprints alomg with ballistic and forensic evidence have long played a key role in the judicial process. But new technology demands careful scrutiny. Although DNA ”fingerprinting” has been evidence in more than 1000 cases, it is far from being infallible. </text>
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card_162785.xml
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Whatever Happened to the Little Ice Age?</text>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>John Gribbin</text>
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        <text>Science Fact</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_47547.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>What the Brain Tells the Eye</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Robert B. Barlow, Jr.</text>
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        <text>April 1990</text>
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        <text>90-95</text>
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        <text>Studies of vision in the horseshoe crab show that the animal’s brain exerts substantial control over just what the eyes detect. At night, for example, the brain increases the eye’s sensitivity to light by a factor of a million, thereby enabling the ,ale to find a suitable mate in the dark. Simulations on a Connection Machine model the amplification process. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_115502.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>What Piece of Work is Man</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Edward M. Lerner</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>February 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>111-121</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_47835.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>What Is Happening at the Center of Our Galaxy?</text>
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        <text>Charles H. Townes and Reinhard Genzel</text>
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        <text>April 1990</text>
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        <text>46-55</text>
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        <text>Optical, radio and gamma ray telescopes and infrared detectors—including instruments devised by the authors—show that the center contains antimatter, intense radiation, turbulent clouds of hot gas and dust and an unseen something with a tremendous gravitational pull. The weight of the evidence indicates that a massive black hole sits at the heart of the Milky Way. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>astrophysics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_11796.xml
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    <owner>6529</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>What if? An exploration of alternative histories.</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Robert J. Sawyer</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>Ideas</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>120 minutes</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>February 27, 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>What if the dinosaurs hadn’t died?  What if the Roman Empire had never fallen?  What if Hitler had won World War II?  Can individuals hake a difference to history, or do events proceed inexorably forward?  The alternative history story, classed as a branch of science fiction, turns the study of history into a laboratory experiment.  Featured are interviews with historians, scientists and some of science fiction’s biggest names, including Gregory Benford, Frederik Pohl and Robert Silverberg.</text>
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        <text>Dr. Gay E. Canough & Dr. Lawrence P. Lehman</text>
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        <text>What Drives Glacial Cycles?</text>
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        <text>Wallace S. Broecker and George H. Denton</text>
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        <text>Astronomical changes are ultimately responsible. Their effect, though, is to alter the intensity of summer sunlight in the northern latitudes. How are the astronomical changes converted into global climatic changes that trigger ice ages? The authors think the variations in the heat of northern summers force a worldwide reorganization of the ocean and atmosphere. </text>
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        <text>What Controls the Cell Cycle</text>
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        <text>The way cells divide into two identical copies has been weel known for nearly a century. But only now are scientists beginning to understand what orchestrates this marvelous process. The key seems to be a single protein called cdc2. Its discovery has profound implications for medicine, possibly leading to ways to heal damaged organs by inducing cell proliferation or to halt the growth of cancer. </text>
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        <text>What Causes Diabetes?</text>
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        <text>With insulin injections, the diagnosis of type I diabetes is no longer a death sentence. But this treatment is not a cure. A new understanding of how the immune system is turned against the body’s own insulin-producing cells is pointing to ways this devastating disease may one day be prevented—or halted. </text>
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        <text>What Caused the Mass Extinction?</text>
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        <text>Debate</text>
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        <text>An Extraterrestrial Impact, say Alvarez and Asaro. They and other investigators discovered iridium in the clays that mark the sudden disappearance of the dinosaurs from the fossil record. Because iridium is rare in the earth’s crust but abundant in some meteorites, they concluded that a giant meteorite collided with the earth, hurling megatons of debris into the atmosphere. A Volcanic Eruption was the culprit, argues Courtillot. He proposes that dust, carbon dioxide and other emissions from an episode of enourmous volcanism that formed the basaltic Deccan traps in India produced the climate changes that led to the mass extinction at the end of teh Cretaceous period. The iridium could, he says, just as easily have risen from the earth’s mantle. </text>
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card_179382.xml
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        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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        <text>computers, mathematics, space, statistics, technology</text>
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        <id>43</id>
        <text>Discusses the increasing tendency to test and acquire mounds of data—even when no one knows what to use the data for. </text>
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card_22490.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>Voyager at Neptune</text>
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        <text>Jon Lomberg</text>
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        <text>Since 1977 two Voyager spacecraft have been exploring the solar system. IDEAS reviews the significance of their discoveries.Artist and science writer Jon Lomberg.</text>
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        <text>Up in the air — the politic and science of the atmosphere</text>
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        <text>Max Allen</text>
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        <text>“Humanity is conducting an enormous, unintended, globally pervasive experiment whose ultimate consequences could be second only to a global nuclear war. These changes represent a major threat to international security. The most far-reaching impacts will be caused by global warming and sea level rise which are becoming increasingly evident as a result of continued growth in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.”These IDEAS programs, prepared by Max Allen, report from international conferences in Canada and Germany.</text>
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        <text>Universal Truths</text>
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        <text>In June more than 30 prominent cosmologists, astronomers and physicists gathered for six days at an isolated resort in northern Sweden. Their topic: the origin of the universe. While most agreed the big bang theory is still sound, new data are challenging a more detailed scenario: the cold dark matter model. Here is a look at how cosmologists address the big questions. </text>
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        <text>Uneasy Dominion</text>
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        <text>Jan. 28/ Feb. 4, 1991</text>
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        <text>Medieval western thought was reasonably clear on one issue: Human beings had no moral obligation towards animals. God had given Adam dominion; if animals suffered as a result, that was in the order of things. With the Victorians came a profoundly different cast of mind: an abhorrence of cruelty, a shrinking from pain, a sense of compassion for all living creatures. Toronto writer Isolde Prince traces this change through the social and intellectual unheavals of early modern Europe. And she examines the resurgence of interest in animal welfare issues today. Inspired by philosophers, the animal rights movement forces us to confront the unsettling ethical implications of our modern sensibility. </text>
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card_176383.xml
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        <text>Understanding the AIDS Pandemic</text>
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        <text>Roy M. Anderson and Robert M. May</text>
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        <text>The only truly effective weapon against AIDS is altering sexual behavior. Mathematical models that untangle the complex relations between the biology of the AIDS infection in individuals and the transmission of the disease in communities provide some surprisingly counterintuitive revelations. These results should be considered in future educational and prevention programs. </text>
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        <text>Unconscious Mental Functioning</text>
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        <text>Can a patient in psychotherapy (or anyone else) make strategic decisions unconsciously? Prevailing wisdom says “no”, but by studying transcripts of therapy sessions, the author and his colleagues find that people can actually reason, anticipate consequences and devise plans—all without knowing they are doing so. Patients apply such skills in the service of getting well. </text>
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card_63603.xml
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        <text>In spite of Discovery’s successful launching last fall, the U.S. space program is troubled. Scientific, military and commercial space missions are almost three years behind schedule; other countries have stepped in to meet the demand for launch capability. The space program needs a diverse array of unmanned launch vehicles—and a set of clear, productive goals. </text>
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card_87701.xml
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card_126630.xml
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card_161744.xml
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card_157992.xml
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card_181023.xml
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        <text>The notion that tribal societies are naturally fierce and warlike has been a fixture of the Western mind at least since the time of Thomas Hobbes. Actually, the author argues, it was the very presence of the European interlopers that escalated the native savagery by destabilizing indigenous cultures. </text>
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card_160762.xml
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card_15119.xml
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card_133443.xml
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        <text>A single “event” at CERN’s Large Electron-Positron Collider can produce 500,000 bits of digital datta. Computers translate the information into striking images that help physicists interpret the complicated dynamics of elementary particles. </text>
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card_25314.xml
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        <text>Alan Vaughan</text>
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card_71817.xml
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        <text>What ever happened to “Made in America”? The M.I.T. Commission on Industrial Productivity examined the performance of U.S. manufacturers. It found that not all of the blame lies in economic trends or in Japan or Washington; industry deserves its share. Yet certain firms innovate and make good products and good profits. What lessons can they teach? </text>
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card_69853.xml
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        <text>The term describes interactions among cells that depend on the cells’ position. Cell-surface molecules that mediate the topobiological events of embrionic development turn out to be related to molecules that mediate the immune response in vertebrates. It appears that the immunoglobulins are descended from primitive developmental molecules. </text>
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>To the Ends of the Earth</text>
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card_154605.xml
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card_95301.xml
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card_79530.xml
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        <text>The resolution of a radio telescope depends on the diameter of its antenna. The VLBA, an array of ten antennas stretching from the Virgin Islands to Hawaii, will have an effective “diameter” of some 8000 kilometres. With it astronomers will study such deep questions as whether black holes are the source of the prodigious energy of quasars. </text>
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card_45159.xml
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        <text>The sun’s apparently steady light belies our star’s turbulent and dynamic character. Powerful magnetic fields oscillate across its surface, creating sunspots and flares and producing outbursts of charged particles and energetic radiation. Even the solar “constant” varies. The sun’s changing activity—some investigators think—may influence weather on the earth. </text>
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card_48154.xml
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        <text>The Unusual Origin of the Polymerase Chain Reaction</text>
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        <text>PCR is a revolutionary biochemical technology that finds—and then multiplies exponentially—specific stretches of DNA. The basic techniques and the necessary reagents have been around for years, but it took a stroke of insight in the course of a nighttime automobile ride to put it all together. This is a personal story of the creative process in action. </text>
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card_168065.xml
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        <text>The Universal Robot</text>
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card_62707.xml
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        <text>The Turnover of Messenger RNA</text>
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        <text>Jeffrey Ross</text>
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        <text>The structure and function of every cell are established by the proteins it synthesizes, and hence by the amount of messenger RNA specifying each protein. The amount or mRNA depends in turn not only on how much mRNA is transcribed from a given gene but also on the rate of turnover, or degradation, of teh mRNA. What factors control that rate? </text>
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card_124923.xml
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        <text>The true story of how Theseus found his way out of the labyrinth</text>
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card_66346.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Trireme Sails Again</text>
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        <text>The fabled oared warship of classical Greece played an important role in the rise and fall of Hellenic civilization. In the absence of material evidence scholars have long argued about the ship’s design, construction and performance. The author and his colleagues have settled some of those questions by reconstructing a trireme and testing it under oar. </text>
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        <text>The Transformer</text>
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        <text>Invented in the mid-19th century, it is still essential: it makes electricity a convenient form of energy by converting a generator’s low-voltage, high-current output into high-voltage, low-current power for efficient transmission—and then back again for consumption. Without it homes, office buildings and factories would need their own generators. </text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Transformation of the Kalahari !Kung</text>
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        <text>Once strictly hunter-gatherers, the !Kung of southern Africa are less mobile today than in the past; they even cultivate plants and tend herds of animals. What explains the shift? It is perhaps no surprise that an influx of wealth and material goods is partly to blame. Such factors may have led earlier humans to make the changeover to agriculture in prehistoric times. </text>
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card_45530.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Tragedy of Needless Pain</text>
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        <text>too often patients suffering from severe pain such as that of cancer receive insufficient amounts of the drug morphine. Why? Because physicians and other health-care workers fear it will turn the patients into addicts. Such fears, the author says, are misplaced: addiction occurs primarily when morphine is taken to elevate mood and not when it is administered to control pain. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_121745.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Tevatron</text>
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        <text>Leon M. Lederman</text>
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        <text>Since the first protons swept around teh powerful collider at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in 1983, the Tevatron has confirmed a host of predictions about fundamental particles. Here is the story of the technical challenges of designing and building this 6.3-kilometre ring of superconducting magnets, told by the scientist who headed the decade-long project. </text>
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card_104831.xml
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        <text>This portfolio of vivid radar images was sent back by the Magellan spacecraft. The project scientist analyzes features of the rugged landscape, sculpted by intense volcanism, geologic upheavals, impact cratering and even wind. </text>
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        <text>In 1984 scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology rapidly solidified an aluminum alloy. Instead of the expected amorphous, glassy material, the result was tiny grains that displayed a curious, fivefold symmetry. Now researchers are making progress in understanding the atomic structure of these unique forms of matter known as quasicrystals.</text>
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        <text>The Stem Cell</text>
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        <text>David W. Golde</text>
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        <text>The red blood cells that transport oxygen, the platelets that promote clotting and the host of disease-fighting cells of the immine system are all progeny of a prolific resident of the bone marrow known as th stem cell. The ability to isolate, manipulate and store hematopoietic stem cells is leading to improved treatments for such ailments as cancer, aplastic anemia and some autoimmune diseases. </text>
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card_50769.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Spawning of the Capelin</text>
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        <text>William C. Leggett and Kenneth T. Frank</text>
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        <text>April 1990</text>
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        <text>102-107</text>
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        <text>Once a year waves of a small, silvery fish called capelin swim onto the beaches of Newfoundland to spawn and die. When the eggs hatch, the tiny larvae remain on the beach for hours or days. Then, in response to some signal, they head out to sea. How do they know when the time is right is a fascinating story with implications for the fishing industry. </text>
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        <text>biology, science</text>
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card_51705.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Solar-Neutrino Problem</text>
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        <text>John N. Bahcall</text>
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        <text>54-61</text>
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        <text>Far fewer neutrinos from the sun are detected than current physics predicts. But a grand unification theory that ties together all natural forces permits neutrinos to change so that they are not readily detected on the earth. New detectors are being designed to spot these “mutant” neutrinos—and confirm the theory. </text>
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card_139224.xml
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        <text>The Snows of Venus</text>
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        <text>G. David Nordley</text>
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card_142731.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Silicon Retina</text>
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        <text>Misha A. Mahowald and Carver Mead</text>
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        <text>The formation of visual images in the retina of the eye depends on layers of interconnected cells. The function of three of these layers—photoreceptor, horizontal and bipolar cells—can be duplicated by simple electronic devices etched into a silicon chip. This artificial retina illuminates biological computation and has implications for computer vision and signal processing. </text>
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        <text>biology, computers, remoteSensing, science, technology</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Shroud</text>
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card_166196.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Shrieking of the Nightingale</text>
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        <text>Robert R. Chase</text>
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card_61020.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Shortest-Network Problem</text>
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        <text>Marshall W. Bern and Ronald L. Graham</text>
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        <text>January 1989</text>
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        <text>84-89</text>
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        <text>The problem is easy to state: Draw the shortest possible network of line segments interconnecting, say, 100 points. It is also unsolvable, in many cases. But its sheer fascination together with its practical importance to designers of telephone network, for example, have led to the development of algorithms that yield rough solutions quickly. </text>
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        <text>mathematics</text>
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card_51814.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Shape of Things to Go</text>
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        <text>Like all true loves, the automobile can try one’s patience. Air pollution, gridlock and sprawling junkyards are just a few of the frustrations. Now automakers are reshaping industrialized society’s favorite way to get around. Tomorrow’s car must minimize pollution, use fuels more efficiently and make driving safer. That requires new materials, advanced aerodynamics and electronics for everything from dashboard navigation systems to controls for engines, brakes and suspensions. Even “smart” highways are in the offing. </text>
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card_57843.xml
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        <text>The high-arching Pont du Gard in southern France is a link in a remarkable aqueduct built some 2000 years ago to bring water to a Latin colony. It has been thought that Roman engineers built by guess and by gosh, but the author’s calculations show they knew just what they were doing: the aqueduct meets modern standards for strength and hydraulic efficiency. </text>
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        <text>The sweep of a technology as it changes contemporary life may well exceed the scope of any one investigator’s experience or perception. To capture such events, the Editors of Scientific American have established a bimonthy staff-written feature called “Trends”. In this first article, editor Karen Wright asks innovators, managers and social scientists where they think the fusion of computer and communications technologies is taking us. What are the barriers that obstruct the promised road to the future? </text>
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        <text>The Relativity of Emergency</text>
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        <text>The Recent African Genesis of Humans</text>
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        <text>By tracing DNA that is transmitted to successive generations only by mothers, these geneticists argue that everyone is descended from a single “Eve” who lived in Africa just 200,000 years ago. If they are right, modern humans must have recently emerged from Africa to populate the other continents. </text>
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        <text>The Reality of the Quantum World</text>
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        <text>Abner Shimony</text>
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        <text>Is a photon a particle or a wave? That depends, the quantum mechanic says, on how—and when—you look at it. Common sense and aesthetics say it must be one or the other; the paradox bothers nonphysicists, and indeed it bothered Einstein. Yet the quantum mechanic is right. Elegant benchtop experiments show that the bizzare quantum world in real. </text>
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        <text>The Real Cost of Energy</text>
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        <text>Gas prices only seem high. When you say “fillerup,” you pay but a fraction of the actual cost. Not included are the tens of billions (close to $50 for each barrel of oil) the military spends annually to protect oil fields in the Persian Gulf. Then tack on the hidden costs of environmental degradation, health effects, lost employment, government subsidies and more. Sooner or later, the public pays the entire price. </text>
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        <text>In the 28 years since the first quasars were identified, astronomers have learned that they are the cores of extremely active galaxies. This quasar is one of the most energetic—on an average day it shines as brightly as 1000 galaxies, each containing 100 billion stars. Observations of 3C 273 are providing clues to the nature of these violent and puzzling objects. </text>
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        <text>The Quantum-Effect Device: Tomorrow’s Transistor?</text>
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        <text>More than 30 years ago it seemed that the forces that cause inactive, newly formed proteins to fold into their intricate, active state could be explained by the laws of chemistry and physics. But scientist are still unable to predict how a sequence of amino acids will coil. Solutions to the folding problem—with their implications for biotechnology—are getting nearer. </text>
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        <text>Pirates had to cram a lot of action into very little time.  For the most part, the careers of these 18th century robbers of the high seas lasted only four or five years.  They lived fast and dangerously before being hunted down and captured.  If they hadn’t existed in real life, Errol Flynn would have invented them.  We look at pirates, in history and myth, from the Caribbean and the coasts of Africa, to Hollywood and the Gothic novel, and examine why we keep reinventing pirates in fiction, movies and cultural legend.</text>
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        <text>A familiar face, a favorite smell or a friend’s voice is instantly recognized. This rapid perception depends on the coordination of millions of neurons. How can such a small input stimulate so massive a response? Surprisingly, the authors point to chaos—hidden order in seemingly random activity that allows many neurons to switch abruptly from one task to another.</text>
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        <text>The Photorefractive Effect</text>
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        <text>Pass a laser beam through a crystal of barium titanate, and suddenly it fans out like a peacock’s tail. Somehow the light alters the optical properties of the crystal. Such photorefractive materials are the basis of promising technologies that range from isolating moving images in biology experiments or military encounters to switching beams of light for superfast optical computers. </text>
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        <text>The Patch Clamp Technique</text>
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        <text>Over the past 15 years researchers have learned an immense amount about the transmission of electrical and chemical signals by neurons and other cells. They owe their success to a simple technique that won the authors a 1991 Nobel Prize. By isolating a tiny section of membrane on a living cell, scientists can manipulate the pore-forming proteins that permit ions to enter or leave cells.</text>
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        <text>The Past and Future Amazon</text>
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        <text>Paul A. Colinvaux</text>
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        <text>The Amazon basin’s rain forest supports more species than any other region on the earth. Now it appears that the diversification has been favored by frequent perturbation of the region’s climate and physical structure. Such robust response to change bodes well for the Amazon’s resistance to exploitation—if human excursions can be kept within bounds. </text>
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card_152463.xml
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        <text>The Origin of the Asteroids</text>
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        <text>In the 19th century the search for a “missing” planet ended in teh discovery of asteroids. Today astronomers believe they are remnants of a planet that never formed. By studying the asteroids, investigators are revealing important clues to understanding tfeh birth of th solar system. </text>
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card_171000.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Origin of Horseback Riding</text>
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        <text>David Anthony, Dimitri Y. Telegin and Dorcas Brown</text>
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        <text>December 1991</text>
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        <text>94-100</text>
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        <text>The first horse broken to the bit probably lived on th vast grasslands of the Ukranian steppes some 6000 years ago. That finding, based on microscopic analysis of characteristic tooth wear caused by a bit, predates the accepted origin of horseback riding in the Middle East by three millenia. The horse may have played a greater role in the spread of language and culture than previously thought. </text>
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card_13077.xml
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        <text>The Old Refrain</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <text>November 1985</text>
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        <text>Editorial</text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Number of Families of Matter</text>
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        <text>Gary J. Feldman and Jack Steinberger</text>
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        <text>February 1991</text>
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        <text>70-75</text>
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        <text>Are the fundamental particles that form matter really fundamental? Researchers at the European laboratory for particle physics (CERN) and at the Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC) have found that these particles are the basis for just three “families” of matter. They arrived at the answer by studying the decay of supermassive particles called Z bosons.</text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Not-So-Rare Earths</text>
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        <text>Gunter K. Muecke and Peter Möller</text>
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        <text>January 1988</text>
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        <text>72-77</text>
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        <text>They are neither rare nor earths. They are metallic elements present in small concentrations in most minerals. Their relative abundance gives geologists clues to the geochemistry of magmas and hydrothermal solutions. The rare earths are essential constituents of advanced alloys, laser crystal and the new high-temperature superconductors. </text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Nonacoustic Detection of Submarines</text>
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        <text>Tom Stefanick</text>
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        <text>March 1988</text>
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        <text>41-47</text>
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        <text>The best insurance against nuclear attack is the nuclear submarine armed with ballistic missiles. Virtually undetectable, such a vessel can ride out a first strike and unleash devastation on the attacker. Are there advances in physicis or new technologies that can render the oceans transparent and the deterrent vulnerable?</text>
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        <text>marine, remoteSensing, technology</text>
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card_94323.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Next Computer Revolution</text>
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        <text>Abraham Peled</text>
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        <text>October 1987</text>
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        <text>56-64</text>
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        <text>In the first computer revolution the technology emerged from the laboratory as an indispensable amplifier of human intellect. A new revolution is under way: the power of computers will increase by an order of magnitude while they become as accessible and convenient as the telephone. </text>
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        <text>computers, technology</text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>The New Superconductors: Prospects for Applications</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Alan M. Wolsky, Robert F. Glese and Edward J. Daniels</text>
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        <text>February 1989</text>
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        <text>60-69</text>
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        <text>It could take at least a decade to develop high-temperature superconductors suited to practical applications. Economic considerations suggest that the new materials will have their biggest impact not on large-scale applications in the power industry or transportation but on smaller devices for manufacturing, electronics and medicine. </text>
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card_37991.xml
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        <text>Until the U.S. builds its Superconducting Supercollider, Europes Large Electron-Positron Collider is the big gun in particle physics. Almost from the very start in July, 1989, the LEP has produced important results. The design and construction of this giant research tool is a story in its own right. </text>
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card_32997.xml
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        <text>The Legal Rights of Extraterrestrials</text>
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        <text>Freitas discusses the basis for rights in North American society, especially as they might be applied to aliens. </text>
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card_66940.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Legacy of Gestalt Psychology</text>
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        <text>Irvin Rock and Stephen Palmer</text>
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        <text>Most people have seen the picture that one moment looks like a vase, then suddenly shifts to two faces about to meet. But few realize that understanding this alternating image reflects a revolution in perception brought about by the Gestalt psychologists at the turn of the century. Today many of their ideas are accepted in the field of education, learning and social psychology. </text>
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card_10934.xml
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card_99552.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Large-Scale Streaming of Galaxies</text>
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        <text>Alan Dressler</text>
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        <text>Even as they are swept apart by the expanding fabric of space, the Milky Way and a host of other galaxies show motion of their own; the speed and direction of the motion indicate that the galaxies are caught in the sway of a Great Attractor, a distant concentration of mass that appears to be larger than any proposed by existing cosmologies. </text>
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card_24233.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Language of Fractals</text>
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        <text>Hartmut Jürgens, Heinz-Otto Peitgen and Dietmar Saupe</text>
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        <text>August 1990</text>
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        <text>With fractal geometry, mathematicians can describe the beats of a dying heart or the birth of a storm cloud with the same ease that an architect can draw the blueprints for a house.  They can also generate complex structures precisely, using only a few mathematical “words.”  Fractal algorithms may help cut the complexity and cost of storing and transmitting images.</text>
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        <text>chaos, computers, mathematics</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_130982.xml
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<card>
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        <text>The KISS of Death</text>
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        <text>G. Harry Stine</text>
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        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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        <text>philosophy, technology</text>
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        <text>Argues for using low technology for reliability reasons. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_136672.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>The Kingdom of the Blind</text>
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        <text>Jayge Carr</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_175205.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Robert W. Conn, Valery A. Chuyanov, Nobuyuki Inoue and Donald R. Sweetman</text>
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        <text>April 1992</text>
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        <text>102-110</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Forty years after scientists first began pursuing the controlled release of energy by forcing hydrogen atoms to merge in magnetic vises, nuclear fusion is still the fuel of the future. Now researchers’ hopes are resting on ITER, an international fusion reactor planned for completion in 2005. The most powerful tokamak designed, its goal is ignition—achieving a self-sustaining fusion reaction. </text>
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        <text>energy, physics, science, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_35647.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Inner Five</text>
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        <text>George W. Harper</text>
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        <text>October 1982</text>
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        <text>Discusses the origins of the moon and inner planets. </text>
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        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>astrophysics, space</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_74537.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>6529</owner>
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        <id>18</id>
        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Informal Economy</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>David Cayley</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>120 minutes</text>
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        <text>Nov 27,28, 1990</text>
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        <text>Around the old cities of Latin America spread vast new cities. These settlements constitute virtually parallel societies with their own institutions—“informal” societies where the writ of the formal societies they surround doesn’t run. Often, they carry out the bulk of economic activity. David Cayley presents two views of what this informality means. </text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>economics, history, law, politics, society</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_60684.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Hunt for Proconsul</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Alan Walker and Mark Teaford</text>
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        <text>January 1989</text>
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        <text>76-82</text>
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        <text>Crushed, confused with pig bones and scattered among collections around the world, the remains of an apelike creature that lived in East Africa some 18 million years ago have now been reassembled. The slow-moving, tree-living hominoid that has taken shape probably represents the last common ancestor of human beings and the great apes. </text>
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        <text>anthropology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_133218.xml
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Human Telomere</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Robert K. Moyzis</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>August 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>48-55</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text><span class="style1">n the language of genetics, </span><span class="style3">TTAGGG</span><span class="style1">  meqans “the end.” This sequence of nucleotides repeats over and over at the tips of each chromosome, forming a protective cap that prevents the chromosome from being degraded or shortened during DNA replication. This same sequence has been found in all of some 100 vertebrate species tested so far, from fish to humans. </span></text>
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        <text>biology, genetics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_59621.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The History of Census Tabulation</text>
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        <text>Keith S. Reid-Green</text>
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        <text>February 1989</text>
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        <text>98-103</text>
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        <text>Late in the 19th century it became clear that the tangle of data collected from a growing population could no longer be tabulated by busy people wielding pencils. Enter a forerunner of the computer era: Herman Hollerith’s punched-card system. The necessities of the census mothered many more inventions, culminating in the digital computer. </text>
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        <text>computers, history, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_190737.xml
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        <text>The Hidden Matter of McAndrew</text>
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        <text>Charles Sheffield</text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Handedness of the Universe</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Roger A. Hegstrom and Dilip K. Kondepudi</text>
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        <text>108-115</text>
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        <text>From electrons and atoms to molecules, from DNA and proteins to spiraling vines and seashells and on to human beings, nature exhibits handedness, or chirality. The preference for left- or right-handedness seems to be related to fundamental asymmetries in the universe at the atomic scale, but the cause-and-effect relations have yet to be figured out. </text>
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card_173375.xml
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Gundestrup Cauldron</text>
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        <text>Timothy Taylor</text>
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        <text>84-89</text>
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        <text>Who created this ancient silver cauldron embellished with elephants and dieties? Scholars have sought the answer since it was dug from a Danish peat bog a century ago. The author believes the cauldron was made in southeastern Europe by silversmiths of a transcultural caste whose ritual traditions can be traced to Asia. </text>
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card_166738.xml
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        <text>The Greenhouse Papers</text>
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        <text>Jeff Hecht</text>
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        <text>126-131</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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card_52636.xml
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    <owner>10045</owner>
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        <id>18</id>
        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>The greatest storm on earth</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>David Phillips</text>
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        <text>Oct/Nov 1990</text>
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        <text>10-12</text>
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        <text>Looks at hurricanes. </text>
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        <text>Weather-wise</text>
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        <text>meteorology, science</text>
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card_131650.xml
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        <text>The Great Unknown</text>
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        <text>Harry Turtledove</text>
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        <text>April/May/June 1991</text>
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        <text>10-64/134-177</text>
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        <text>Part of the Jennifer Logan series. </text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Serial</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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card_37322.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Great Climate Debate</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Robert M. White</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>July 1990</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>36-43</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>There is no doubt that human activity is increasing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Whether that spells sweeping global climate change is still much debated. Should we act to blunt the impact in the face of this uncertainty? The author thinks so. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>ecology, economics</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_121886.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>6529</owner>
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        <id>18</id>
        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Grameen Bank</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>David Cayley & Muhammad Yunus</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>Ideas</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <id>5</id>
        <text>March 5, 1991</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>In 1976 a professor of economics in Bangladesh discovered a new economics: village people kept in penury because they couldn’t afford the high cost of credit. Muhammad Yunus lent them small sums of money out of his own pocket. Today he manages the Grameen Bank which counts 700 thousand landless poor as its clients. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>economics, ethics, multiculturalism, society</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_188776.xml
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<card>
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Golden Life</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Pete D. Manison</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>May 1992</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>76-89</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_143129.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Genetics of Thoroughbred Horses</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Patrick Cunningham</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>92-98</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>The lineage of all magnificent Thoroughbred racehorses can be traced to a handful of animals imported from Africa and the Middle East in the 17th century. Just 10 horses contributed more than half of the genes in today’s Thoroughbreds. Despite the wealth of breeding data, genetic studies have begun only recently. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, genetics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_142993.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Genesis of Ores</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>George Brimhall</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>84-91</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Human history and technology have been shaped by metals. How did they become concentrated in minable deposits located so conveniently near the earth’s surface? The author explains the mechanisms of fluid transport—by magma, water and even air and wind—responsible for the chemical and physical interactions that created bodies of metallic ores throughout geologic history. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>chemistry, geology, marine, oceanography, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_56432.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Genes for Color Vision</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Jeremy Nathans</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>Fabruary 1989</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>42-49</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Three centuries of experimentation in optics, psychophysics and biochemistry extablished the dependence of color vision on three kinds of light-absorbing molecules, or pigments, in the cone cells of the retina. The author has isolated the genes that encode the pigments and has identified genetic anomalies that lead to color blindness. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, genetics, science</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_76040.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>76040</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Future of Space Reconnaisance</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Jeffrey T. Richelson</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>January 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>38-44</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>During the cold war, the superpowers launched sophisticated spy satellites to monitor each other’s weaponry. Lately such satellites have been directed to observing weapon proliferation in other nations, nonmilitary operations and domestic upheavals. This intelligence is so important that many other governments plan to join the space reconaissance club. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>geography, remoteSensing, space, technology, warfare</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_153008.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>153008</id>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>6529</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>18</id>
        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Future of Reproduction</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Varda Burstyn</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>IDEAS</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>60 minutes</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>September 30, 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Toronto writer Varda Burstyn investigates the dilemmas presented by the new devices and procedures that “assist” reproduction. Her focus is on the Royal Commission meeting now to chart Canada’s needs. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, ethics, medicine, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_33288.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>33288</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Future of Biological Engineering</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Thomas A. Easton</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>November 1982</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>42-49</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Science Fact</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>biology, scienceFiction, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_132553.xml
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card_188622.xml
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card_110706.xml
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        <text>Flaw-free glass can withstand tensile loads of two million pounds per square inch or more—10 times as much stress as many metal alloys can tolerate. By exploring on an atomic scale just what goes on at the tip of a crack, investigators are making progress toward exploiting the extraordinary strength of glass in a widening variety of applications. </text>
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card_54976.xml
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card_73000.xml
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        <text>The ear calculates transforms automatically. So, with more difficulty, do scientists, because modern versions of Baron Fourier’s 1807 technique can derive meaning from complicated flows of information. They do so by representing an electrical signal, the sound of a violin, heat conduction and other such phenomena as an assemplage of sinusoidal waves. </text>
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card_72789.xml
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        <text>The Fossils of Monte San Giorgio</text>
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        <text>Once there was a small sea where a rich assembly of vertebrates lived and died. Their fossils, uplifted on the flank of a mountain near Lake Lugano, are informative snapshots in stone of a Triassic-period fauna. </text>
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card_77863.xml
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card_90800.xml
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card_68664.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Emergence of Modern Humans</text>
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        <text>Christopher B. Stringer</text>
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        <text>Did humanity evolve from a common ancestor and form racial groupings as it spread across the planet? Or did Homo Sapiens arise at many different locations? Archaeological evidence from Africa supports the first theory. Now geneticists examining DNA in living populations are coming to the same conclusion. </text>
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card_89790.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Emergence of Animals</text>
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        <text>Mark A. S. McMenamin</text>
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        <text>April 1987</text>
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        <text>94-102</text>
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        <text>Some 570 million years ago animals diversified at an unprecidented rate. New body plans and ways of living emerged in concert with a new kind of community, one characterized by complex food chains. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_118234.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Echidna</text>
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        <text>Peggy D. Rismiller and Roger S. Seymour</text>
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        <text>February 1991</text>
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        <text>96-103</text>
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        <text>It may well be the most reclisive of Australian animals, but the spiny anteater is no longer one of the least understood. The natural history and odd reproductive behaviour of this egg-laying mammal are being observed in the field for the first time. Removing misconceptions about the life cycle of this relative of the platypus may provide ways to protect it.</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_147809.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Early Life of Stars</text>
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        <text>Steven W. Stahler</text>
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        <text>July 1991</text>
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        <text>Our sun experienced a turbulent youth long before reaching maturity as a stable source of fusion energy. Astronomers are now piecing together this complex life cycle of stars. The process begins when clouds of interstellar gas coalesce into protostars discernable only in the infrared and culminates in one of the billions of optically visible stars. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_6104.xml
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        <text>The Early History of Indo-European Languages</text>
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        <text>Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V.V. Ivanov</text>
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        <text>March 1990</text>
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        <text>110 - 116</text>
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        <text>Generations of scholars have tried to trace the genealogy of this great family of languages in order to recover elements of the lost ancestor language—and also to determine just who spoke it, and where.  The findings that are reported here by Soviet workers indicate that the protolanguage may have arisen in eastern Anatolia more than 6000 years ago.</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_70081.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Dynamic Aurora</text>
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        <text>Syun-Ichi Akasofu</text>
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        <text>May 1989</text>
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        <text>The shimmering sheets of light that drape the polar skies are generated by an interplay of the solar wind’s electrons, its magnetic field, the earth’s magnetosphere and particles in the atmosphere. As more is learned about this planetary generator, it is becoming possible to learn how solar activity triggers auroral storms, disrupting radio communications. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_39323.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Door on the Desktop</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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card_12871.xml
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card_100432.xml
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        <text>The Detonation of Explosives</text>
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        <text>A detonation sweeps through an explosive as a supersonic shock wave driven by the energy-releasing chemical reactions the wave induces. A comprehensive theory that describes the process is still lacking. </text>
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card_129950.xml
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        <text>The Day the Signals Started</text>
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card_122310.xml
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card_149748.xml
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        <text>The Cuckoo’s Egg</text>
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        <text>An interesting account of computer espionage and the capture of an electronic spy. Should be required reading for hackers! </text>
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card_178527.xml
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card_81268.xml
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        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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        <text>The county map hustlers</text>
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        <text>The motive was profit, the result was an invaluable geographical record. </text>
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        <text>geography, history</text>
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card_93005.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Cosmic Synthesis of Lithium, Beryllium and Boron</text>
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        <text>Victor E. Viola and Grant J. Mathews</text>
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        <text>May 1987</text>
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        <text>The three light elements, which cannot withstand the violent stellar environment where most elements were born, are created as cosmic rays collide with low-density clouds of gas and dust permeating the galaxy. </text>
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card_43534.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Cosmic Background Explorer</text>
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        <text>Samuel Gulkis, Philip Lubin, Stephan Meyer, Robert Silverberg</text>
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        <text>132-139</text>
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        <text>The satellite, launched late in 1989, may revolutionize our view of the origin and the fate of the universe. Scanning the skies from an earth orbit high above the obscuring atmosphere, its sensitive instruments will be measuring microwave radiation left over from the big bang and looking for infrared radiation from the very first generation of stars. </text>
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card_102737.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Connection Machine</text>
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        <text>W. Daniel Hillis</text>
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        <text>June 1987</text>
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        <text>108-115</text>
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        <text>Most computers have a single processing unit. In this new parallel computer 65,536 processors work on a problem at once. The resulting speed may transform several fields, including artificial intelligence. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_156039.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Computer for the 21st Century</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Mark Weiser</text>
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        <text>September 1991</text>
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        <text>94-104</text>
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        <text>The most useful, ordinary technologies are invisible. No one consciously reads a street sign or the floor indicator on an elevator. In the same way, the computer will become an integral part of office and domestic surroundings. It will be ubiquitous, woven into the fabric of daily life from the desktop to the light switch. </text>
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        <text>computers, society, technology, telecommunications</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_61615.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The colors seen in the sky offer lessons in optical scattering</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Jearl Walker</text>
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        <text>January 1989</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>102-105</text>
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        <id>5</id>
        <text>The Amateur Scientist</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>education, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_136917.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Cold Solution</text>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>Don Sakers</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>July 1991</text>
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        <text>211-219</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_97750.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Clonal-Selection Theory</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Gordon L. Ada and Sir Gustav Nossal</text>
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        <text>August 1987</text>
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        <text>62-69</text>
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        <text>The antibodies that defend the body from foreign invasion are remarkably diverse. It took nearly 100 years to define and substantiate a theory that could account for their formation. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>biology, history, medicine, microbiology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_58227.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Chemical Effects of Ultrasound</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Kenneth S. Suslick</text>
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        <text>February 1989</text>
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        <text>80-86</text>
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        <text>The exposure of a liquid to intense sound waves induces cavitation: microscopic bubbles form and implode suddenly and violently, so that their contants are first heated to the temperature of the sun’s surface and then cooled within microseconds. Ultrasound presents chemists with a new source of energy to drive chemical reactions that create novel compounds. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>chemistry, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_73290.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Channeling of Electrons and Positrons</text>
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        <text>Allan H. S√∏rensen and Erik Uggerh√∏j</text>
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        <text>June 1989</text>
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        <text>96-102</text>
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        <text>When a focused beam of charged particles strikes a crystal at just the right angle, the particles are channeled by the lattice much as a rolling ball is constrained by a gutter. Studies of channeling can yield information about crystal structure and nuclear reactions; one day channeling may provide improved sources of X rays and gamma rays. </text>
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card_44053.xml
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        <text>The cellular automata programs that create wireworld, rugworld and other diversions</text>
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        <text>A.K. Dewdney</text>
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        <text>computers</text>
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card_97378.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Causes of Down Syndrome</text>
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        <text>David Patterson</text>
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        <text>August 1987</text>
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        <text>The genes thought to be responsible for many of the pathologies associated with the disorder are being adentified and mapped to sites on chromosome 21. </text>
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        <text>biology, genetics, medicine, science</text>
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card_26027.xml
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        <text>The Burning Books</text>
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        <text>Margaret Horsfield</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>120 minutes</text>
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        <text>Sep 25/Oct 2, 1990</text>
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        <text>Book burning has been practiced throughout history. Literary bonfires flared in ancient China; they blazed throughout the Inquisition and the Reformation. During the Third Reich, thousands of books were turned to ashes. The condemned works have included the Bible and the Talmud, the writings of Confucius, the peoms of Ovid. Milton, Voltaire, Marx and Freud have all been consigned to flames.  Margaret Horsfield examines why people sometimes deem books worthy of this violent end.</text>
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card_137097.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>The Burgess Shale</text>
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        <text>Stephen Jay Gould and Don Lessem</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <text>April 8, 1991</text>
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        <text>The remains of animals trapped 530 million years ago by a mudslide, in what is now Yoho National Park in British Colombia, have changed our understanding of evolution. Stephen Jay Gould, who has called this area “the most precious and important of all fossil localities,” and Don Lessem explain how. </text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Bubonic Plague</text>
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        <text>Colin McEvedy</text>
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        <text>February 1988</text>
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        <text>118-123</text>
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        <text>In A.D. 1346 some 100 million people inhabited Europe, northern Africa and the Near East. Five years later 25 million were dead—victims of the Black Death. The plague kept reappearing, but the epidemics did not spread as widely: apparently a new and milder strain of ‘Yersinia pestis’ evolved that made at least some people immune to the virulent strain. </text>
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        <text>biology, history, medicine, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_171404.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Brush Turkey</text>
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        <text>Roger S. Seymour</text>
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        <text>December 1991</text>
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        <text>108-114</text>
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        <text>The homely image of a female bird sitting patiently at her nest does not fit these curious Australian fowl. They bury their eggs in carefully constructed compost heaps—then they leave. The chicks emerge fully capable of surviving. Their adaptations are exeptions to many rules that govern avian development. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_36962.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Breeds of Man</text>
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        <text>L. Sprague de Camp</text>
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        <text>April 1976</text>
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        <text>11-42</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <text>anthropology, society</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_69086.xml
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<card>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Body against Itself</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>John Rennie</text>
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        <text>December 1990</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>106-115</text>
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        <id>5</id>
        <text>Trends in Immunology</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Somehow the body distinguishes its own healthy cells from diseased ones. When that mechanism fails, the result is autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and insulin-dependent diabetes. Although the picture is not clear, researchers have found three ways the immune system may learn not to attack the body. Those discoveries are leading to promising treatments. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, medicine, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_116552.xml
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<card>
    <id>116552</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Blood Upon the Rose</text>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>Michael F. Flynn</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>February 1991</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>48-53</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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        <text>A nanotechnology/President Sawyer story.</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_33810.xml
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<card>
    <id>33810</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Blivit in the B-ring</text>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>Richard C. Hoaglund</text>
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        <text>Dec/Mid-Dec 1982</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>84-101/</text>
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        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <id>42</id>
        <text>physics, space</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_159615.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Black Mother</text>
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        <text>Wendy Wheeler</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>Mid-Dec 1991</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>96-111</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_103079.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Birth of the U.S. Biological-Warfare Program</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Barton J. Bernstein</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>June 1987</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>116-121</text>
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        <text>Recently declassified Government files reveal the events that led to research on biological weapons. Now a divisive public issue, the program started out as an obscure operation in World War II. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, history, science, technology, warfare</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_64069.xml
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<card>
    <id>64069</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Birth of Molecules</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Ahmed H. Zewail</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>December 1990</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>76-82</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Since the 19th century, photographers have used split-second shutter speeds to stop action. But glimpsing the instant in which molecules react to form a product requires an exposure of a millionth of a billionth of a second. That instant bears the same relation to a second as a second does to 32 million years. To achieve such “exposures,” the author uses extremely short pulses of laser light. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>chemistry, science, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_65420.xml
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<card>
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    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Biology of Obsessions and Compulsions</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Judith L. Rapoport</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>March 1989</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>82-89</text>
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        <text>Samual Johnson kept darting through doorways; a teen-ager named Sergei is unable to stop washing. Such repetitive, ritualistic behavior can make a person unable to function. The author thinks obsessive-compulsive disorder has biological roots in specific brain structures; she has treated it with certain drugs initially developed as antidepressants. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, drugs, medicine, psychology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_50286.xml
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        <text>Wind and water have carved a landscape like no other. </text>
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card_149205.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of Languages</text>
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        <text>Peter Bellwood</text>
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        <text>The word, it seems, was borne by farmers seeking new agricultural lands. The ancient diffusion of languages through Polynesia is yet another example. Thravelling great distances by boat, these societies spread their languages from Taiwan to Madagascar and Hawaii. </text>
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card_4054.xml
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        <text>The Archaeology of Novgorod</text>
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        <text>Valentin L. Yanin</text>
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        <text>Opera, film and literature celebrate the glories of the medieval Russian city, whose power once extended from modern Poland to the Urals.  Now Novgorod can speak for itself.  Excavations have revealed layer upon layer of wood dwellings and artifacts—and hundreds of birch-bark manuscripts that record the details of daily life and illuminate historical and political issues.</text>
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card_78481.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Antarctic Ozone Hole</text>
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        <text>Richard S. Stolarski</text>
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        <text>January 1988</text>
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        <text>30-36</text>
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        <text>A thin layer of ozone in the stratosphere protects human being and other life forms by absorbing most of the ultraviolet radiation of th sun. The discovery of a springtime ozone “hole” over the South Pole suggests that the entire ozone layer may be thinning. What causes the hole—a global rise in pollutants or a natural change in Antarctic air movements? </text>
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card_113872.xml
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<card>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>The Ancestry of the Giant Panda</text>
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        <text>Stephen J. O’Brien</text>
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        <text>November 1987</text>
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        <text>102-107</text>
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        <text>Is the giant panda a descendant of the same progenitor as the contemporary bear? Is it more closely related to the raccoon? Or should the panda be assigned to a unique family of its own? Electrophoresis, DNA hybridization, chromosomal analysis and other techniques of molecular biology have defined the panda’a ancestry. </text>
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card_101976.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Anatomy of Memory</text>
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        <text>Mortimer Mishkin and Tim Appenzeller</text>
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        <text>June 1987</text>
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        <text>80-89</text>
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        <text>An inquiry into the roots of human amnesia has shown how deep structures in the brain may interact with perceptual pathways in outer brain layers to transform sensory stimuli into memories. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_27332.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>The Adventure of the Laughing Clone</text>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>Michael F. Flynn</text>
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        <text>52-101</text>
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        <text>Novella</text>
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        <text>biology, crime, scienceFiction, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_82925.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Adaptable Opossum</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Steven N. Austad</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>February 1988</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>98-104</text>
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        <text>Familiarity has bred contempt for this marsupial. The opossum does lack beauty and dignity, but it is a repository of other virtues. It adapts to a wide range of environments and negotiates mazes better than dogs, cats or pigs do, and it stands up to rattlesnakes. It also adjusts the sex ratio of its offspring, bearing more males than females when times are good. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, ecology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_124198.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>110-115</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>February 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Edward L.Kottick, Kenneth D. Marshall and Thomas J. Hendrickson</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Because of its limited dynamic range, the harpsicord was nearly driven into extinction by the piano. But its plucked strings and the design of its soundboard made it unique among stringed keyboard instruments. The author studied 39 harpsicords, both old and new, to understand their acoustics. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>The Acoustics of the Harpsicord</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>music, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_39073.xml
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>The “Moral” “Majority”</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <text>January 4, 1982</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>5-11</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>ethics, philosophy, politics, religion, society</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_172434.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Textures and Cosmic Structure</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>David N. Spergel and Neil G. Turok</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>March 1992</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>52-59</text>
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        <text>A bugbear of the big bang theory is that it fails to explain how the matter in the initially smooth universe clumped into vast sheets and bubbles of galaxies. Cosmologists have proposed numerous theories, from inflation to cosmic strings. The latest explanation to be offered, called textures, builds on theories of particle physics to derive testable predictions of cosmic structure. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>astrophysics, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_59205.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Teeth and Prehistory in Asia</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Christy G. Turner II</text>
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        <text>February 1989</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>88-96</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Where did the peoples of East Asia, Polynesia and the Americas originate? Teeth tell the story. Analysis of minute dental features shows that two great population groups formed in southeast Asia beginning more than 20,000 years ago. The movement of one group can be traced across the Bering land bridge into North America and all the way to Chile. </text>
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        <text>ancientHistory, anthropology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_68335.xml
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<card>
    <id>68335</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Technology, Employment and U.S. Competetiveness</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Richard M. Cyert and David C. Mowery</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1989</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>54-62</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>How does investment in new technology affect employment? Luddite fears to the contrary, technology need not abolish jobs; indeed, it tends to create them. The technological fast track does, however, call for a work force that is well educated and thus adaptable to change, and so the sorry state of U.S. education may threaten the future of the U.S. economy. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>economics, education, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_99142.xml
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<card>
    <id>99142</id>
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    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Technology in Services</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>James Brian Quinn, Jordan J. Baruch and Penny Cushman Paquette</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>December 1987</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>50-58</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>With the services sector now accounting for most of the U.S. economy, doubts that it can function as an engine of overall growth have intensified. Actually many service industries utilize advanced technology to improve productivity. They contribute to competitiveness in manufacturing and even promote a favorable balance of payments. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>society, technology</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_159836.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>159836</id>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Technology and Fun</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>G. Harry Stine</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>Mid-Dec 1991</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>92-95</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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        <text>Vincent A. Fischetti</text>
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        <text>Just as a porcupine’s quills thwart predators, filaments of proteins that coat some strptococcal bacteria deter the white blood cells that would normally ingest the organisms. These wispy M proteins rely on variability to evade antibodies that would target the microbes for destruction. The understanding of the protein’s structure is suggesting new approaches to creating vaccines. </text>
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card_98841.xml
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        <text>SDI partisans attack and SDI critics invoke the findings of the American Physical Society panel that evaluated the feasibility of lasers and particle-beam weapons as instruments of strategic defense. Here, for the public record, is a summary of what the panel—which consisted of weapons experts and knowledgeable physicists—actually said. </text>
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card_191250.xml
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card_131423.xml
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card_88472.xml
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        <text>John S. Letcher, Jr., John K. Marshall, James C. Oliver III and Nils Salvesen</text>
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        <text>The winner of the 1987 America’s Cup competition embodied the results of a concentrated technological effort in sailboat design. Computers played a significant role in the victory. </text>
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card_96888.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>Stabilizing Gamma Prime</text>
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        <text>Brian C. Coad</text>
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card_166123.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Split End</text>
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        <text>Mark S. Miller</text>
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card_172941.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Spider Webs and Silks</text>
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        <text>Fritz Vollrath</text>
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        <text>70-76</text>
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        <text><span class="style1">pider webs are marvels of engineering. The silks from which they are spun are highly variable materials whose properties are adapted to the design of these gossamer tension structures. The elaborate orb webs of the common garden cross spider, the heroine of E. B. White’s </span><span class="style3">Charlotte’s Web</span><span class="style1">, achieve remarkable effectiveness by turning to advantage an inherent weakness of silk—its softness when wet. </span></text>
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    <name></name>
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card_96387.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Spark of Genius</text>
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        <text>Michael F. Flynn</text>
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        <text>January 1991</text>
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        <text>139-145</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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card_55829.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Soviets in Space</text>
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        <text>Peter M. Banks and Sally K. Ride</text>
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        <text>February 1989</text>
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        <text>32-40</text>
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        <text>The Soviet Union has maintained an alomost continuous human presence in space since 1977 with a space-station program that absorbs only 15 percent of its launch capability and does not strain ground facilities. The introducation of a space shuttle and a powerful new rocket suggests that the Soviets may be planning an even more ambitious agenda. </text>
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card_171605.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Sophie Germain</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Amy Dahan Dalmédico</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>December 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>116-122</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>The obstacles to women in science pale today before those faced by Sophie Germain in 18th-century France. Yet this self-taught, middle-class woman would not be dissuaded from the pursuit of mathematics. Firm in the conviction that her work would withstand the test of time, Germain made significant contributions. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>biography, mathematics</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_175379.xml
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<card>
    <id>175379</id>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Solid Acid Catalysts</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Sir John Meurig Thomas</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>April 1992</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>112-118</text>
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        <text>By careful design, the tiny pores and cavities of solid acid catalysts shape many of the products made by the chemical industry, from drugs to fuel additives. Compared with traditional liquid catalysts, these compounds are safer to handle. They also minimize toxic by-products and are easier to keep out of the environment. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>chemistry, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_153168.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Soiled Shores</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Marguerite Holloway and John Horgan</text>
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        <text>October 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>102-116</text>
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        <text><span class="style1">fter the </span><span class="style3">Exxon Valdez</span><span class="style1">  oil spill in 1989, the beaches of Prince William Sound were scrubbed, hosed, hoed, fertilized and bulldozed at a cost of $2.5 billion. Some scientists assessing the effects of that effort conclude that no method worked very well; some did more harm than good. The massive spill in the Persian Gulf is likely to tech that sobering lesson once again. </span></text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, ecology, energy, ethics, law, marine, politics, science, society, technology, transportation</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_161953.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>6529</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>18</id>
        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Social Diseases</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Burr Eichelman</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>IDEAS</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>October 3, 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Psychiatrist Burr Eichelman examines some newly certified mental disorders (Pre-Menstrual Syndrome, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, etc.) which strengthen the victims’ claims while exonerating society. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>psychology, society</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_134488.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>134488</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Smart Genes</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Tim Beardsley</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>August 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>86-95</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>The answer to why a rose is a rose, or what tells a liver cell to be a liver cell, is a “sloppy” genetic computer that instructs a gene when to turn on or off. These elaborate assemblages of proteins, known as transcription complexes, choreograph the forms and functions of cells by transmitting both intercellular and extracellular signals. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, genetics, science</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>Trends in Biology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_71600.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
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    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Simulated Evolution: wherein bugs learn to hunt bacteria</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>A.K. Dewdney</text>
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        <text>May 1989</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>138-141</text>
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        <text>Computer Recreations</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
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card_111423.xml
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        <text>Simple special effects illustrate the art of converting algorithms to programs</text>
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card_171827.xml
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        <text>Artificial-intelligence researchers have found ways to automate reasoning and planning, provide computers with sight and other senses, and teach them how to comprehend spoken commands. Now a small group of researchers are attempting to put all these skills into one package. They are trying to build “integrated systems” that they hope will function independently in the real world. </text>
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        <text>October 11, 1989</text>
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        <text>Torpedoes and tanks are marketed with the same gimmicks used to peddle used cars and beer. Toronto writer Kevin McMahon goes inside Canada’s arms bazaar.</text>
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card_86677.xml
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        <text>She’s 92 and looking good</text>
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        <text>Joel Russ</text>
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card_75708.xml
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        <text>Maya Kaathryn Bohnhoff</text>
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card_116905.xml
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        <text>Sexually Transmitted Disease in the AIDS Era</text>
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        <text>The three classic sexually transmitted diseases—gonorrhea, syphilis and chancroid—have nearly disappeared in almost every industrialized nation. The exception is the U.S., where drug-resistant strains of these diseases are ravaging urban minority populations. The causes of this tragic epidemic are poverty, social disintegration, prosititution and drug addiction.</text>
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card_66757.xml
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        <text>Sensory Function in the Harbor Seal</text>
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        <text>Like other amphibians, the harbor seal needs to cope with life both in the water and on land. Sensory adaptations that make for success when ‘Phoca vitulina’ is submerged may not be effective, and indeed may even be counterproductive, when the animal hauls out on the shore. How does the seal manage to navigate and hunt in the water and nurse its young on land? </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_82003.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Self-Organized Criticality</text>
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        <text>Per Bak and Kan Chen</text>
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        <text>January 1991</text>
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        <text>Just as the proverbial straw broke the camel’s back, catastrophes, from earthquakes and avalanches to a stock market crash, can be triggered by a minor event. The authors argue that complex systems naturally evolve to a critical state. Their theory already has improved understanding of motion in the earth’s crust, economies and ecosystems. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_189043.xml
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>Self-Limiting</text>
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        <text>Dr. Robert L. Forward</text>
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        <text>Probability Zero</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_43255.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Seed Dispersal by Ants</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Steven N. Handel and Andrew J. Beattie</text>
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        <text>August 1990</text>
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        <text>76-83A</text>
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        <text>Many seeds get around by sticking to the fur (or clothes) of passing mammals. But a large number of plants have evolved seeds that are designed to be dispersed by ants. Instead of burrs, these seeds grow a tasty lump of fat. The ants carry the seeds home, eat the fat and discard the rest, which then germinates. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_160964.xml
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        <text>Secret Names</text>
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        <text>Harry Turtledove</text>
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        <text>76-91</text>
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card_12090.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>Searching for Atlantis</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>120 minutes</text>
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        <text>The fabled “lost continenet of Atlantis” has fascinated historians, geologists and mythologists over the centuries.  Is there really a long-lost civilization buried under the deep waters of the Atlantic or elsewhere?  Is Atlantis the result of a misreading of history?  Or is it all a hoax, the product of a fertile imagination?  We look at Atlantis, from its beginnings in the works of Plato, through the twists and turns of later interpretations.</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>ancientHistory, history</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_27441.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Science, Technology and the Western Miracle</text>
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        <text>Nathan Rosenberg and L.E. Birdzell, Jr.</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>November 1990</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>42-54</text>
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        <text>Two hundred and fifty years ago few Europeans enjoyed a standard of living in excess of the minimum required to sustain life. Then, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, the economy took off. The heart of this miracle, the authors believe, is the close alliance between science as a body of knowledge and the advances of industrial technology driving the marketplace.</text>
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        <text>economics, history, science, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Science Fiction</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Lawrence Watt-Evans</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>March 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>158-177</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Novelette</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_53897.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>10045</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>18</id>
        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Saving the Rouge</text>
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        <text>Brad Cundiff and Bill Ivy</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>Oct/Nov 1990</text>
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        <text>40-46</text>
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        <text>Metro Toronto’s last undeveloped river system will become Canada’s largest urban park. </text>
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card_97959.xml
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card_127126.xml
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card_99752.xml
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        <text>When first discovered, the ability to transcribe DNA from RNA was thought to be unique to a few cancer-causing viruses. Now it seems the process may be part of the genetic machinery of other viruses and even higher organisms; studies of it could further understanding of AIDS and oncogenes and may illuminate the evolution of hereditary material itself. </text>
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card_142532.xml
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        <text>René Jules Dubos</text>
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        <text>Carol I. Moberg and Zanvil A. Cohn</text>
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        <text>A childhood bout with rheumatic fever may have sent René Dubos on a lifelong exploration into the nature of health and disease. As a researcher at the Rockefeller Institute, he discovered the first clinically important antibiotic. As a philosopher, he formulated an ecological theory of disease that matured into a profound, influential view of our place on the earth. </text>
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card_77607.xml
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        <text>Remember’d Kisses</text>
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card_87210.xml
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        <text>Rehearsals For Retirement</text>
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card_178724.xml
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card_38327.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Reflections on the Road</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <text>March 29, 1982</text>
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        <text>5-10</text>
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        <text>Editorial</text>
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        <id>42</id>
        <text>society, technology, writing</text>
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        <text>A potporri of ideas and thoughts about virtually everything. Good browsing. </text>
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card_26274.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Redefining Development</text>
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        <text>David Cayley</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>4 hours</text>
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        <text>Oct 1/8/15/22, 1990</text>
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        <text>A new word was coined in the period after World War II: “underdeveloped”. Harry Truman used it in his inaugural address in 1949 when he described Asia, Africa and Latin America as “uderdeveloped areas”. It would be the new mission of the United States and its Western allies to help them develop. Virtually the entire non-western world came to be spoken of in terms of underdevelopment, and it bacame possible to imagine that there was a universal process of economic expansion in which all societies could participate, regardless of culture. The idea of development has taken many forms since Truman first made it the aim of his policy: in the ’50s there was the search for “economic take-off”; in the ’60s, manpower planning; in the ’70s, meeting “basic needs”. The latest is “sustainable development”, promoted by the United Nations’ Brundtland Commission Report, which attempts to factor the environment into development decisions. In these programs, David Cayley asks if development has a future or if it is an obsolete idea sinking under the weight of its accumulated anomalies and contradictions. </text>
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        <text>ecology, economics, multiculturalism</text>
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card_150203.xml
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        <text>Red Alert</text>
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        <text>Jerry Oltion</text>
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card_100299.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Reappearing Phases</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>James S. Walker and Chester A. Vause</text>
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        <text>May 1987</text>
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        <text>98-105</text>
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        <text>Matter becomes more orderly as it is cooled. Some systems, however, seem to become disordered again as the temperature continues to fall. The reason lies in the interplay between energy and entropy. </text>
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card_42351.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Ramsey Theory</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Ronald L. Graham and Joel H. Spencer</text>
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        <text>July 1990</text>
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        <text>112-117</text>
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        <text>Stargazers have always found patterns in the sky. But what governs the shape of constellations? In 1928 mathematician Frank Plumpton Ramsey proved that a large enough number of stars will produce any pattern—from a rectangle to the Big Dipper. By figuring out just how many numbers guarantee a certain patter, Ramsey theorists help engineers to design better communications networks. </text>
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card_82247.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Ramanujan and Pi</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Jonathan M. Borwein and Peter B. Borwein</text>
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        <text>Fabruary 1988</text>
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        <text>112-117</text>
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        <text>Last year pi (3.14…) was calculated to 100 million places. A century earlier a son was born to two impoverished Brahmins. The connection? Before Srinvasa Ramanujan died at 32 he created an astounding body of mathematical theory. The algorithm that extended pi to unprecidented accuracy embodied infinite series that were devised by Ramanujan. </text>
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card_146765.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Radar and Lasers, Chow and Rock</text>
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        <text>G. Harry Stine</text>
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        <text>220-223</text>
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        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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card_154161.xml
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    <owner>10045</owner>
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        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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        <text>Edward Struzik and Mike Beedell</text>
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        <text>Once sought as a route to the riches of the Orient, today it is a key test of Canada-U.S. relations. </text>
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card_132859.xml
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    <content>
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        <text>Quantum Time Travel</text>
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        <text>John G. Cramer</text>
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        <text>April 1991</text>
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        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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        <text>physics, science</text>
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    <script></script>
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card_151005.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Quantum Telephones To Other Universes, To Times Past</text>
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        <text>John G. Cramer</text>
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        <text>October 1991</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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card_67751.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Quantum Interference and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Yoseph Imry and Richard A. Webb</text>
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        <text>April 1989</text>
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        <text>56-62</text>
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        <text>Can electrons be influenced by a nearby magnet so well shielded that its force field cannot be detected? The counterintuitive answer is yes; an energy emanation from the magnet known as the potential does indeed affect the electrons’ wave function. This quantum-mechanical effect is being brought to bear on the development of new microelectronic devices. </text>
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        <text>physics, science, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_170291.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Quantum Cosmology and the Creation of the Universe</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Jonathan J. Halliwell</text>
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        <text>December 1991</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>76-85</text>
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        <text>Einstein’s general relativity enabled cosmologists to describe the formation of matter and its coalescence into galaxies, stars and planets. But that theory cannot explain th events before the instant of creation. During the past decade, a group of cosmologists turned to the theories of quantum mechanics to fill the gap. Still missing is an observation, such as gravity waves, to verify their ideas. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>astrophysics, science</text>
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card_180159.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Quantum Chaos</text>
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        <text>Martin C. Gutzwiller</text>
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        <text>January 1992</text>
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        <text>78-84</text>
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        <text>Chaos lurks in the most orderly systems of the observable universe, from the perturbations of a swinging pendulum to the jitters in the moon’s orbit. Not altogether surprisingly, it also inhabits the seemingly smooth, wavelike realm of atoms and subatomic particles. In the quantum world, chaos reveals itself in the distribution of energy levels and the trajectories of scattering electrons. </text>
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        <text>chaos, mathematics, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_139624.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Quality</text>
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        <text>G. Harry Stine</text>
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        <text>May 1991</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>122-125</text>
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        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_41869.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Pyrotechnics</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>John A. Conkling</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>July 1990</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>96-102</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>fireworks have awed and delighted for centuries. They also have illuminated battlefields and concealed weapons and troops. Early pyrotechnicians worked by guess and by gosh, often passing the secrets of those brilliant displayes down through the generations. Modern chemistry reveals the processes underlying the sounds, shapes and colours—and finds surprising new uses for pyrotechnic devices. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>chemistry, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_158855.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Protecting Humans From Ionizing Radiation In Space</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Ronald V. Dorn, Jr. M.D. and Geoffrey A. Dorn, Ph.D.</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>Mid-Dec 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>34-50</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_141821.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Progress in Oral Rehydration Therapy</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Norbert Hirschhorn and William B. Greenough III</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>50-56</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>With each medical advance seeming to be increasingly high-tech and costly, oral rehydration therapy is a notable exception to the trend. The administration of a simple electrolyte solution made with readily available ingredients now saves one million children a year from death caused by diarrhea-induced dehydration. Recently it reduced fatalities during a cholera epidemic in Peru. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>medicine</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_45855.xml
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<card>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Progress in Gallium Arsenide Semiconductors</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Marc H. Brodsky</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>February 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>68-75</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>“Gallium arsendide is the technology of te future—always has been, always will be.” Well, the future has arrived. Electrons move through a lattice of the alloy much faster than they do through silicon, and now the advent of supercomputers and optoelectronics has created a $1-billion market for gallium arsenide transisters, light-emitting diodes and other components. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_106119.xml
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<card>
    <id>106119</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Programming for Advanced Computing</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>David Gelernter</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>October 1987</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>90-98</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Parallel computers need parallel programs. Some linear programs can be “parallelized” automatically. In another approach, independent processes exchange messages as tasks are completed; in a third, elements called tuples ply tuple space, processing and becoming information. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>computers, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_156383.xml
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<card>
    <id>156383</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Products and Services for Computer Networks</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Nicholas P. Negroponte</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>September 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>106-113</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>The power of the computer and the capacity of the network will make possible a wide variety of products and services that give the comsumer new opportunities at work and at play. The ultimate product may well be freedom from the conventional constraints of space and time. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>computers, society, technology, telecommunications</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_123220.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Primitive Machines</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>March 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>4-10</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>43</id>
        <text>Discusses perceptions of machines, with emphasis on robots and artificial intelligence. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>computers, psychology, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_5293.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Positive Feedbacks in the Economy</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>W. Brian Arthur</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>February 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>92 - 99</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Classical economics sees supply and demand, prices and costs brought into nice equilibrium by negative feedback.  Yet much of the economic world is nonlinear.  The author and his collegues borrow sophisticated mathematical tools from physics and apply them to describe the dynamic state of markets, the impact of technology and other aspects of economic reality.</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>economics, mathematics</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_145107.xml
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<card>
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    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Polar Statospheric Clouds and Ozone Depletion</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Owen B. Toon and Richard P. Turco</text>
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        <text>A.K. Dewdney</text>
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card_91779.xml
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        <text>Robert C. Spindel and Peter F. Worcester</text>
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        <text>94-99</text>
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        <text>Oceanographers have borrowed a technique from physicians for studying deep-sea currents and temperatures. The method tomography. Instead of X rays, researchers use sound to create three-dimensional images of the waters that cover 70 percent of te earth’s surface and strongly influence its climate. </text>
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        <text>The processes whereby atomic nuclei decay through radioactivity have been well known for decades. There is still plenty of life in nuclear physics, though. Sophisticated theory and deft experiment have enabled the authors to predict—and then observe—many new, rare forms of radioactivity. </text>
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        <text>The information generated by computing is useless until it is communicated, and so the nature of the networks that link computers is as important as raw computing power. Establishing an effective network can be as difficult a task as getting the machines to think. </text>
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        <text>Just as the dirt roads of the early 20th century could not begin to handle today’s traffic, so wil the current computer networks be unequal to the burgeoning flow of information. Advanced packet-switching systems and new schemes for interconnecting networks will help prevent digital deadlock. </text>
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        <text>Not so long ago, computers were electronic megaliths served by a white-coated elite. Today they are simple tools that are as common as pencils on desks or clipboards in factories. The next generation of computers will become active collaborators in the creation and acquisition of information. </text>
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        <text>Charles Darwin despaired of ever seeing evolution taking place. The process, he believed, was so slow that only the long-term results could be observed. Fortunately, he was wrong. Numerous studies document natural selection in real time. A classic example is the finches of te Gal√°pagos, populations of which are altered significantly by a single season of drought. </text>
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card_28459.xml
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card_4740.xml
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card_141428.xml
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card_64406.xml
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        <text>Chemotherapy often fails because a tumor develops resistance to an array of different drugs. A single glycoprotein turns out to be responsible: it proliferates in some cells and pumps out the drugs. Not that the protein pump has been identified it may be possible to interfere with its action or to make it the target for drugs that destroy the cancer cell. </text>
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card_174792.xml
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        <text>Mountain Belts and the Supercontinent Cycle</text>
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        <text>J. Brendan Murphy and R. Damian Nance</text>
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        <text>When German meteorologist Alfred L. Wegener proposed the idea of continental drift in 1912, he claimed that all the continents were fragments of a single, ancient landmass called Pangaea. The authors believe such supercontinents have formed repeatedly in a tectonic cycle that lasts about 500 million years. They cite as evidence the location and structure of folded and volcanic mountain belts. </text>
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card_124952.xml
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        <text>National Geographic</text>
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        <text>In the heartland of the old empire, the Russian “soul” is reemerging, with long-suppressed voices demanding to be heard.</text>
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card_191609.xml
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card_29361.xml
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        <text>Discusses ethics and the Moral Majority. </text>
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card_128448.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Molecular Zippers in Gene Regulation</text>
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        <text>Steven Lanier McKnight</text>
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        <text>April 1991</text>
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        <text>Skin and liver cells are distinct because they produce different sets of proteins. Yet both types of cells carry the same set of genes. This researcher set out to find out the mechanism that turns on key genes. In an interesting piece of detective work, he and others identified an intriguing class of regulatory proteins. Two of these proteins must “zip” together before they can activate the genes they control. </text>
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card_101461.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis</text>
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        <text>Douglas C. Youvan and Barry L. Marrs</text>
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        <text>June 1987</text>
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        <text>42-48</text>
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        <text>Spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and molecular genetics combine to give a detailed picture of events in photosynthesis and show how particular molecules contribute to the process. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_65135.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Modelling the Geochemical Carbon Cycle</text>
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        <text>Robert A. Berner and Antonio C. Lasaga</text>
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        <text>March 1989</text>
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        <text>74-81</text>
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        <text>The authors have modelled the slow, long-term cycle in which geochemical processes transfer carbon among land, sea and atmosphere; their model suggests that the earth may have been warmed in the past when buildups of atmospheric carbon dioxide enhanced the greenhouse effect. Now human beings are short-circuiting the long-term cycle. </text>
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card_114537.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Modeling Tidal Power</text>
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        <text>David A. greenberg</text>
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        <text>November 1987</text>
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        <text>128-131</text>
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        <text>The famous tidal surges in the Bay of Fundy that sometimes send tourists running for their lives have long held the potential for economic power generation. Computer modeling of tfeh bay and the Gulf of Maine enables planners and environmentalists to gauge what the impact of a tidal power installation might be as far away as Boston Harbor. </text>
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card_14043.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>Missing Links</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <text>4-8</text>
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        <id>41</id>
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    <name></name>
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card_101070.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Mimicry in Plants</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Spencer C. H. Barrett</text>
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        <text>September 1987</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>76-83</text>
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        <text>Life can be a competitive struggle even for plants. In cultivated environments some weeds imitate crops and thereby avoid being destroyed. In natural habitats orchids that mimic female insects attract male insects, which proceed to carry pollen from flower to flower. Some plants have even come to resemble stones and thus deter predators. </text>
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        <text>biology, ecology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_40536.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Microplasmas</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>John J. Bollinger and David J. Wineland</text>
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        <text>January 1990</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>124-130</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Strip electrons from some thousands of atoms, confine the atoms in an electromagnetic trap and cool them to about absolute zero, and you have a microplasma. It forms strange states of matter—sometimes resembling a solid and sometimes a liquid—that offer physicists a new way to investigate fundamental theories of atomic structure. </text>
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    <content>
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        <text>It’s more than nostalgia in the woods. </text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_181601.xml
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    <content>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Living Together</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>John Rennie</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>January 1992</text>
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        <text>122-133</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>For all their clever adaptations, parasites have been regarded as unineteresting and unpleasant organisms that inhabited the darker recesses of biology. Now ecologists are looking at these “degenerate” creatures in a new light. The intimate associations that develop between host and parasite in their battle for survival may have fundamentally shaped the evolution of all living things. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, ecology, genetics, science</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>Trends in Parasitology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_22911.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Literacy: the Medium and the Message</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>David Cayley</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>3 hours</text>
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        <text>Oct 19/26, Nov 2, 1989</text>
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        <text>Is writing really the lynchpin of western civilization? In 1963 Eric Havelock, in his “Preface to Plato,” argued that the phonetic alphabet had transformed the culture and society of ancient Greece. In “The Gutenburg Galaxy,” Marshall McLuhan wrote that the invention of the printing press had revolutionized Europe. Both writers thought a great gulf separates societies which primarily speak from those which primarily write. And both attributed to literacy profound social and psychological consequences. Since McLuhan and Havelock first wrote, an international group of scholars has tried to come to terms with their claims. We present their thoughts in this examination of literate and oral cultures.</text>
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        <text>education, history, multiculturalism, psychology, writing</text>
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card_181302.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Lightwave Communications: The Fifth Generation</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Emmanuel Desurvire</text>
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        <text>January 1992</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>114-121</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Since 1975 the transmission capacity of optical-fiber communications systems has increased 10 times every four years. The most recent development is an amplifier made by doping a glass fiber with erbium. It boosts capacity 100-fold by replacing electro-optical “repeaters” that regenerate weakened signals. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>physics, science, technology, telecommunications</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_75501.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>Liberal Education</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <text>April 1979</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>5-9</text>
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        <text>Discusses the ideals of education. Rather philosophical in nature. </text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>education, philosophy, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_65600.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Lessons of Sunraycer</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Howard G. Wilson, Paul B. MacCready and Chester R. Kyle</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>March 1989</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>90-97</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Powered entirely by sunlight, the 400-pound automobile averaged 41 miles per hour to win a 1867-mile race across Australia on the solar equivalent of five gallons of gas. The integrated design and novel technology that helped Sunraycer to win could find application in practical electric cars. Indeed, prototype electric vans will soon be in production. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>energy, technology, transportation</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_54755.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>10045</owner>
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        <id>18</id>
        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Lawman on horseback</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Larry Pynn</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>Oct/Nov 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>68-76</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Don Thatcher patrols an area larger than Switzerland. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>crime, geography</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_145473.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>145473</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Laser Surgery</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Michael W. Berns</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>June 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>84-90</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>When surgeons operate, they may wield a laser instead of a scalpel. These blades of light do more than simply destroy tissue with heat: they can drive chemical reactions or create shock waves. Lasers are unclogging arteries, smashing kidney stones, and clearing secondary cataracts from the eye. </text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, medicine, microbiology, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_31768.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>31768</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Knot Theory and Statistical Mechanics</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Vaughan F. R. Jones</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>September 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>98-103</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Knots are fairly simple. just take a piece of string and join both ends. Statistical mechanics, on the other hand, deals with huge, complex systems. Surprisingly, the two fields are intimately related. The author discovered the link while studying mathematical theories of quantum physics. His knot theory has already led to better understanding of how DNA twists during replication. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, mathematics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_168232.xml
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<card>
    <id>168232</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Killer Asteroids and You</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>John G. Cramer</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>January 1992</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>208-213</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>astronomy, science, space, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_166969.xml
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<card>
    <id>166969</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Junk, Cultch, and Tools</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>G. Harry Stine</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>November 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>122-125</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_37385.xml
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<card>
    <id>37385</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Is the Brain’s Mind a Computer Program?</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>John R. Searle</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>January 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>26-31</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Many people working in artificial intelligence believe that a computer simulation of mental processes could actually think. The author argues that computer programs merely manipulate symbols, without reference to meaning, and so are fundamentally incapable of understanding. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>computers</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_151098.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Iron Deficiency</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Nevin S. Scrimshaw</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>October 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>46-52</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Although it is often overlooked, iron deficiency is the most widespread nutritional problem in the world. It is aprticularly severe in those developing countries where parasitic diseases compound the effects of inadequate diet. Prevention is the best solution to a condition that can irreversibly damage brain function and impair the immune system—and that may even be fatal. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>medicine</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_34685.xml
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    <id>34685</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Inventions Wanted</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>December 1982</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>6-10,148-149</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>society, space, technology, warfare</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>43</id>
        <text>Discusses disarmament, defense, and both sides of the nuclear weapons debate. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_138384.xml
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    <id>138384</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Intervention At Hellas</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Daniel Hatch</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>May 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>12-49</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Novelette</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_79845.xml
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<card>
    <id>79845</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Intertidal Fishes</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Michael H. Horn and Robin N. Gibson</text>
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        <text>In the Beginning...</text>
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        <text>In 1953 a simple experiment seemed to show that lightning could have sparked life on the earth. Since then, finding answers to the questions of how, when and where life began has become more complicated. New evidence is toppling once widely accepted ideas; a rash of recent theories has emerged. For now, the origin of life remains an intrguing mystery. </text>
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        <text>In popular memory, World War II was the “good war”, when the forces of democracy fought totalitarianism. But it was also a period when civil liberties were severely curtailed. Political and religious dissidents were interned, without trial, for years at a stretch. The Defence of Canada Regulations, proclaimed in September 1939, made this possible. Winnipeg writer and broadcaster Doug Smith examines Canadian civil liberties at a time when freedom on the homefront came under fire.</text>
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card_63859.xml
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        <text>In an emergency stop, should a car’s wheels be locked or should the braking be controlled?</text>
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        <text>Richard A.F. Grieve</text>
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        <text>The earth efficiently destroys evidence of its past, particularly any traces of meteoritic cratering. Yet more than 120 impact craters have been identified. Indeed, meteorite impacts may have been more common than has been thought; they may have brought on episodes of atmospheric and geologic catastrophe, perhaps accounting for major extinctions of species. </text>
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        <text>If You Can’t Lick ’em…</text>
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card_123040.xml
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        <text>Ideas Interviews: Douglas R. Hofstadter</text>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <text>IDEAS host Lister Sinclair in conversation with the Pulitzer Prize winning author of “Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid”. Is artificial intelligence insolubly bound up with pattern recognition? How much pattern must a machine recognize before we can say it’s thinking? </text>
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        <text>From the instant sea turtle hatchlings first struggle into the surf, their course is set. Some individuals literally circle the oceans before returning years later to the site of their birth. Experiments suggest that a combination of cues from the earth’s magnetic field and the steady seasonal pattern of waves are the sources of these seafaring navigators’ biological maps and compass. </text>
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card_45640.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Plants Make Oxygen</text>
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        <text>Govindjee and William J. Coleman</text>
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        <text>50-58</text>
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        <text>Plants photosynthesize in order to make carbohydrates for themselves. In the process, they generate the molecular oxygen that fuels the animal world. Only now is it becoming clear how photosynthesis makes oxygen. Tucked deep in the photosynthetic center is a rather rachetlike water-oxidizing clock whose every four ticks generate an oxygen molecule. </text>
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card_88699.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Photoreceptor Cell Respond to Light</text>
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        <text>Julie L. Schnapf and Denis A. Baylor</text>
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        <text>40-47</text>
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        <text>New information about how light energy is changed into neural signals shows how an individual photoreceptor cell of the eye registers the absorption of a single photon, or qhantum of light. </text>
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card_78870.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Killer Cells Kill</text>
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        <text>John Ding-E Young and Zanvil A. Cohn</text>
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        <text>January 1988</text>
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        <text>38-44</text>
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        <text>killer lymphocytes, the commandos of the immune system, attack tumor cells and cells infected by viruses. They kill by secreting protein molecules that link to form pores in target cells; the cells promptly leak to death. Study of the process may make it posible to improve the killers’ efficiency in fighting cancer and such viral infections as AIDS. </text>
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card_154669.xml
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        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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        <text>How Inuit find their way</text>
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        <text>David F. Pelly</text>
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        <text>August/September 1991</text>
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        <text>58-64</text>
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        <text>Their maps reveal extraordinary navigational techniques. </text>
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card_59784.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Gene Activators Work</text>
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        <text>Mark Ptashne</text>
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        <text>January 1989</text>
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        <text>40-47</text>
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        <text>A cell does not need all its genes all the time; it switches them on and off. Regulatory proteins bind to specific regions of DNA and start or stop the production of Protein from nearby or distant genes. By studying gene regulation in viruses and yeast, the author and his colleagues have uncovered principles that also apply in more advanced organisms. </text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Dinosaurs Ran</text>
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        <text>R. McNeill Alexander</text>
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        <text>April 1991</text>
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        <text>123-136</text>
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        <text>If all you had to go by were footprints in mud and a few bones, you might conclude that humans do not run. Similarly, it is unclear whether dinosaurs plodded or galloped or pranced. With some physical principles from naval architecture and mechanical engineering, the author calculates that he could outrun Tyrannosaurus. </text>
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        <text>archaeology, biology, mathematics, physics, science</text>
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card_83008.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Climate Evolved on the Terrestrial Planets</text>
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        <text>James F. Kasting, Owen B. Toon and James B. Pollack</text>
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        <text>February 1988</text>
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        <text>90-97</text>
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        <text>It is called the Goldilocks problem: Why is Mars to cold for life, Venus too hot and the earth just right? Distance from the sun is not the full answer. The earth cycles carbon dioxide into its atmosphere to promote greenhouse warming when its surface cools. Mars lacks that ability. Venus has the opposite problem: it cannot drain CO2 from its atmosphere. </text>
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        <text>meteorology, science, space</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_108909.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Children Learn Words</text>
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        <text>George A. Miller and Patricia M. Gildea</text>
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        <text>September 1987</text>
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        <text>94-99</text>
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        <text>To attain the vocabulary of a high school graduate, some 80,000 words, a child needs to learn new words at the rate of about 5000 a year. The way to aid the process is to exploit the ability of the child to learn by seeing words in context. An interactive video display presenting definitions, sample sentences and pictures may be the best teaching device. </text>
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        <text>education, psychology</text>
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card_63322.xml
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>How Cells Maintain Stability</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Igor N. Todorov</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>December 1990</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>66-75</text>
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        <text>Living cells are protein factories that are vital to the survival of organisms. Thus, they too have elaborate strategies for survival. If environmental stress, such as a chemical or temperature, shuts down their protein-making machinery, cells undertake a series of intricate steps to resume production. A Soviet scientist presents his model of this process. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, microbiology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_180472.xml
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>How Cells Absorb Glucose</text>
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        <text>Gustav E. Lienhard, Jan W. Slot, David E. James and Mike M. Mueckler</text>
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        <text>January 1992</text>
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        <text>86-91</text>
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        <text>Glucose is both an important fuel and a chemical precursor for the carbon-based compounds in all living tissues. Yet the way this small sugar enters cells is far from simple. Glucose is channeled through the impermeable cell membrane by transporter proteins. Understanding how some of the proteins are mobilized by exposure to insulin may provide clues to diabetes. </text>
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        <text>biology, medicine, microbiology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_109617.xml
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>How Animal Cells Move</text>
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        <text>Mark S. Bretscher</text>
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        <text>December 1987</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>72-90</text>
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        <text>A white cell must be able to maneuver to the site of an infection, fibroblasts migrate into a wound to repair damage and wandering cancer cells make tumors metastasize. An animal cell moves by taking in bits of its surface membrane and returning them preferentially at its leading edge. The process somewhat resembles the action of a tank tread. </text>
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        <text>biology, microbiology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Homeobox Genes and the Vertebrate Body Plan</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Eddy M De Robertis, Guillermo Oliver, Christopher V.E. Wright</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>July 1990</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>46-52</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>What tells some embrionic cells to become limbs and other seemingly identical cells to form complex organs? It is a fascinating group of genes with a common feature called the homeobox. Key to development in many animals, these genes are remarkably similar in fruit flies, frogs—and humans. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, genetics, microbiology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_169859.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Homeless Families</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Ellen L. Bassul</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>December 1991</text>
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        <text>66-74</text>
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        <text>More than one third of the nation’s homeless are families—often headed by young women—and their numbers are growing. Each night, as many as 100,000 children sleep in shelters or in abandoned buildings or on the street. The author proposes new social policies that will prevent the physical and psychological devastation faced by these vulnerable victims of poverty. </text>
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        <text>politics, society</text>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>Home Is Where...</text>
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        <text>Maya Kaathryn Bohnhoff</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>November 1991</text>
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        <id>40</id>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Novelette</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_31646.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Home Computers Now!</text>
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        <text>Martin Buchanan</text>
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        <text>computers, technology</text>
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        <text>An interesting look at “state-of-the-art” computers in the late seventies. </text>
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card_115367.xml
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        <text>Hobbits</text>
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        <text>Maya Kaathryn Bohnhoff</text>
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card_15364.xml
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        <text>High-Tech For the Little Red Schoolhouse</text>
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        <text>Roberta Jane Pournelle</text>
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card_50094.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>High-Performance Parachutes</text>
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        <text>Carl W. Peterson</text>
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        <text>April 1990</text>
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        <text>108-116</text>
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        <text>Few people would bet that a parachute could slow down a payload weighing as much as a family car if it were dropped from an airplane traveling faster than the speed of sound. But new designs using high-strength fibers can decelerate rockets, missiles and escape pods for pilots to a snail’s pace in just a few seconds, landing them from low altitudes with barely a bump. </text>
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card_50673.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>High Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa</text>
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        <text>John C. Caldwell and Pat Caldwell</text>
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        <text>April 1990</text>
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        <text>118-125</text>
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        <text>There is one exception to the nearly worldwide decline in birth rates over the past 50 years:sub-Saharan Africa. Here religious and social beliefs promote large families. The solution may be improved health care to mitigate the fear of dying without descendants. Otherwise the region will double its share of the world’s population during the next century. </text>
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        <text>ecology, science, society</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_54391.xml
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    <owner>10045</owner>
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        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>High Arctic odyssey</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>John Dunn</text>
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        <text>Oct/Nov 1990</text>
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        <text>54-66</text>
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        <text>The Trans-Ellesmere Expedition. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>exploration, geography</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_72362.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Hidden Earthquakes</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Ross S. Stein and Robert S. Yeats</text>
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        <text>June 1989</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>48-57</text>
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        <text>Seismologists generally look for earthquakes to happen along visible fault lines—the San Andreas, say. The authors maintain that another source of dangerous quakes has been overlooked: the realease of stress along a fault that is hidden, buried deep under a fold in the earth’s crust. The recent Armenian earthquake seems to have been just such an event. </text>
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        <text>geology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_128841.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Hepatitis B Virus</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Pierre Tiollais and Marie-Annick Buendia</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>April 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>116-123</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>The toll that this tiny, insidious virus exacts is enormous. It can cause serious acute infections, lie hidden for years in carriers who transmit it to others, even trigger cancer. It is also one of the first viruses to come under the powerful scrutiny of recombinant DNA technology. Its genome, structure and life cycle have been elucidated; diagnostic tests and vaccines have been developed. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, genetics, medicine, microbiology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_71049.xml
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<card>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Henry Norris Russell</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>David H. DeVorkin</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1989</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>126-133</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Russell bestrode U.S. astronomy between the two world wars and led the way to astrophysics. By exploiting the findings of atomic physics, he showed how to determine a star’s composition and temperature from its spectrum. In doing so he hastened astronomy’s shift from mapping the heavens to describing stellar mechanisms in the light of the new physics. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>astronomy, astrophysics, history, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_113036.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Helium-rich Supernovas</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>J. Craig Wheeler and Robert P. Harkness</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>November 1987</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>50-58</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>For half a century astronomers and astrophysicists have thought that there were two kinds of supernova: Type I, a thermonuclear explosion of a white-dwarf star, and Type II, a cataclysmic collapse of a red supergiant star. Discovery of a new supernova class and supernova 1987A shows that many events combine features of Type I and Type II. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>astrophysics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_178161.xml
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<card>
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    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Heisenberg, Uncertainty and the Quantum Revolution</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>David C. Cassidy</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1992</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>106-112</text>
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        <text>At tfh age of 25, Werner Karl Heisenberg formulated the theory that bears his name and established him as a seminal figure in 20-th century physics. Germany’s youngest full professor, Heisenberg trained a generation of modern physicists who were dispersed throughout the world by Hitler’s rise to power. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biography, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_160087.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>He Who Must Die</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Ben Bova and A.J. Austin</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>January 1992</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>12-74</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Novella</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_129541.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Hard Words</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Philip E. Ross</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>April 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>138-147</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>Trends in Linguistics</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>What’s in a word? If it’s “tik”, the answer is controversy. Linguists are at each other’s throats over attempts to trace language to ancient roots. Some radicals believe that they can discern echoes of words not spoken for millennia and that it is possible to relate all languages to a single tongue spoken by the first humans. Conservatives think the radicals bark up the wrong tree. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>ancientHistory, anthropology, linguistics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_176048.xml
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<card>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Hacking the Genome</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Deborah Erickson</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>April 1992</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>128-137</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Parsing the three billion nucleaotides that make up the genetic totality of a human is one of the most ambitious scientific efforts ever undertaken. The information will be useless unless it is entered into data bases that provide answers to questions scientists have not yet thought of. Translating the code of DNA into the digital language of computers falls to a group of “informatics” workers. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, computers, genetics, science, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_110929.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>H.M.S. Warrior</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Walter Brownlee</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>December 1987</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>130-136</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>It was the first iron-hulled warship and it profoundly changed naval warfare and perhaps warfare itself. Warrior gave the Royal Navy a novel strategic ploy: deterrence. Powered by both steam and sail, the invulnerable vessel could catch and destroy any ship—or fleet—on the sea. As France and Germany countered, a modern arms race ensued. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>marine, politics, technology, warfare</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_149777.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Guilt By Association</text>
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        <text>Timothy Zahn</text>
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        <text>A Soulminder story. </text>
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        <text>Novella</text>
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card_62807.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Great Oaks from Little Acorns</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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card_80537.xml
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        <text>Progress has been made, but the joint Canada-U.S. effort is now at a critical turning point. </text>
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card_112550.xml
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        <text>Gravity and Antimatter</text>
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        <text>Terry Goldman, Richard J. Hughes and Michael Martin Nieto</text>
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        <text>March 1988</text>
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        <text>48-56</text>
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        <text>Would an antiapple fall to the ground at the same rate as an apple? General relativity and quantum mechanics suggest a positive answer, but there is a crack in the voice of appaernt affirmation: the two theories have never been reconciled. Indeed, attempts to do so suggest that in the sway of gravity, matter and antimatter are not the same. </text>
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card_101651.xml
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        <text>Gravitational Wave Obervatories</text>
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        <text>Andrew D. Jeffries, Peter R. Saulson, Robert E. Spero and Michael E. Zucker</text>
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        <text>June 1987</text>
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        <text>50-58 (B)</text>
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        <text>Einstein’s general theory of relativity suggests that the earth is bathed with gravitational waves from distant stars. Observatories planned for the early 1990’s could detect the extragalactic signals. </text>
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card_167729.xml
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        <text>January 1992</text>
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card_30068.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Gluons and Glueballs</text>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>Margaret L. Silbar</text>
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        <text>Mid-Sept 1982</text>
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        <text>52-64</text>
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        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <text>physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_93820.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Glucose and Aging</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Anthony Cerami, Helen Vlassara and Michael Brownlee</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1987</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>90-96</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Once considered biologically inert, the body’s most abundant sugar can permanently alter some proteins. In doing so it may contribute to age-associated declines in the functioning of cells and tissues. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, medicine, microbiology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_94015.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Gloriously Bright</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Orson Scott Card</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>January 1991</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>12-108</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Novel</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_24589.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>24589</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Global Warming Trends</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Philip D. Jones and Tom M.L. Wigley</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>August 1990</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>84-91</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>One way to see if the earth is actually getting warmer is to check historical temperature records.  A decade ago the authors began to do just that.  They collected a hodgepodge of readings going back 300 years.  Then they attempted to quantify the data.  Their verdict: a 0.5° C increase.</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>ecology</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_62057.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
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    <id>62057</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Global Climatic Change</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Richard A. Houghton and George M. Woodwell</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>April 1989</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>36-44</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Citing historical data on temperature and on atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the authors maintain that the world is already in the grip of a warming trend. Unless stringent measures are taken, they contand, rising temperatures will increase seal levels and shift clmatic zones, causing profound economic and social distress. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, ecology, economics, science, society</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_138986.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
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    <id>138986</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Global Catastrophes and Mass Extinctions</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Jeff Hecht</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>May 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>78-89</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Science Fact</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>biology, ecology, geology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_162077.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>162077</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Glass Houses</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Laura J. Mixon</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>December 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>10-69</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Serial</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_96544.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>96544</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Gladly Wolde He Lerne</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Harry Turtledove</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>January 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>181-183</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_56790.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>56790</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Giant Ocean Cataracts</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>John A. Whitehead</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>February 1989</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>50-57</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>The largest cascades of water on the earth are not famous waterfalls but unseen density currents deep in the oceans. Driven by differences in temperature or salinity, these cataracts carry as much as five million cubic metres of water per second and can plunge more than three kilometres. They have a vital role in determining the climate of the world’s oceans. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>marine, oceanography, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_76948.xml
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    <owner>10045</owner>
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card_169279.xml
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        <text>Inder M. Verma</text>
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card_98500.xml
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        <text>Anthiny J. Legge and Peter A. Rowley-Conwy</text>
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        <text>At Tell Abu Hureyra a band of hunter-gatherers started slaughtering entire gazelle herds 11,000 years ago. hunting continued long after the emergence of agriculture, which sheds new light on that process. </text>
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card_98080.xml
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        <text>Gallium Arsenide Transistors</text>
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        <text>their speed holds promise for advanced computers and communication systems. It can be understood by plotting the energy and momentum of an electron propagating through a crystal of the semiconductor. </text>
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card_83690.xml
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        <text>GABAergic Neurons</text>
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        <text>David I. Gottlieb</text>
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        <text>One tends to think of the nervous system in terms of chains of excitatory signals that tell neurons to fire. The signals that say “Don’t fire” also have a major role. Inhibitory signals damp overall neural activity and also fine-tune the responses of particular circuits. The primary carrier of these signals is the inhibitory transmitter known as GABA. </text>
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        <text>Fullerenes</text>
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        <text>The quest for “buckyballs” has been one of the hottest in chemistry. These hollow cages of carbon atoms were characterized in 1985 and dubbed “buckminsterfullerenes” after the inventor of the geodesic dome. Bulk quantities were made in 1990. With other materials, they form crystals having properties that range from superconductivity to ferromagnetism. </text>
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card_87377.xml
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        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>FTL Photons</text>
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        <text>John G. Cramer</text>
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        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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card_68426.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Frozen and Alive</text>
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        <text>Kenneth B. Storey and Janet M. Storey</text>
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        <text>December 1990</text>
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        <text>92-97</text>
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        <text>Many animals survive the winter by staying warm. But some simply freeze solid. To prevent ice crystals from destroying delicate cell membranes, these creatures manufacture proteins that cause tiny crystals to form in the spaces between cells and produce a natural antifreeze to protect cellular interiors. </text>
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card_57567.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>From Bird Song to Neurogenesis</text>
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        <text>Fernando Nottebohm</text>
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        <text>One of the dogmas of neurobiology has it that when nerve cells in the vertebrate brain die, they are not replaced by new ones. The author finds to the contrary. He has shown that when the adult canary needs to learn new songs, it does grow some new neurons. The finding could eventually lead to the discovery of ways to repair lesions in the human brain. </text>
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        <text>Freedom From Fear</text>
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        <text>Ben Bova</text>
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card_67288.xml
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        <text>Free-Electron Lasers</text>
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        <text>Henry P. Freund and Robert K. Parker</text>
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        <text>April 1989</text>
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        <text>84-89</text>
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        <text>FELs can be tuned to any frequency and in theory can be highly efficient. Their potential applications range from research in physics and chemistry through medicine to industrial uses and perhaps strategic defense. Some major new developments in electron accelerators and in “wigglers” suggest that FELs may soon be able to redeem this broad array of promises. </text>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Forging Planet-Stuff</text>
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        <text>Stephen L. Gillett, Ph.D.</text>
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        <text>November 1990</text>
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        <text>Foolproof</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <text>4-10</text>
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card_42668.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Food Sharing in Vampire Bats</text>
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        <text>Gerald S. Wilkinson</text>
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        <text>February 1990</text>
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        <text>76-82</text>
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        <text>True to their name, vampire bats consume from 50 to 100 percent of their body weight in blood every night. A bat who fails to feed will perish in two days—unless it can solicit food from a roostmate. The key to survival for these animals is an elaborate system of food sharing, which the author finds is based on the principle of reciprocal altruism. </text>
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    <name></name>
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        <text>Soldering irons are not much use on wires that are a mere micron in diameter. That is why most defective integrated circuits are simply discarded. But chip makers now have a new tool. Liquid -metal ion sources produce beams of charged ions that can machine and weld as well as implant dopants. </text>
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card_36331.xml
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card_162953.xml
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card_119250.xml
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        <text>If its figurines are an indication, Paleolithic society favored fullness of figure in women, as did Rubens and Renoir. There is a biological sense in such a standard of beauty. A woman must store a threshold, or minimum, amount of body fat in order to be able to reproduce; gaining or losing just a few pounds can make all the difference. </text>
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card_169495.xml
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        <text>Stephen A. Kallis, Jr.</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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card_153410.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>10045</owner>
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        <text>Peter Gorrie and Victor Wong</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_94802.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <text>Rick Shelley</text>
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        <text>January 1991</text>
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        <text>146-179</text>
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        <text>Novelette</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <script></script>
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card_36703.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Exploring the Asteroids</text>
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        <text>Joel A. Davis</text>
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        <text>44-63</text>
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        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>space, technology, transportation</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_36010.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>36010</id>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Experimentalism</text>
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        <text>Richard Rosa</text>
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        <text>philosophy, society</text>
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        <text>Argues for applying the scientific method to social decisions. </text>
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card_127802.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <text>Experience Required</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <text>Discusses taxes. </text>
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        <text>Editorial</text>
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        <text>economics, politics</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_139995.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>Exodus</text>
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        <text>Steven G. Joyhnson</text>
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        <text>126-133</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_78727.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>10045</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <id>18</id>
        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Exiles in a cold land</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Janice Hamilton and Benoit Aquin</text>
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        <text>Dec 1990/Jan 1991</text>
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        <text>34-42</text>
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        <text>Montreal’s Haitian community faces a double barrier of prejudice. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>geography, multiculturalism</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_137882.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>137882</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>Ex Machina</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>April 1991</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>4-8</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>law, medicine, society</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>43</id>
        <text>Discusses an alternate system of malpractice insurance designed to cut medical costs. </text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_163161.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>163161</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Evelyn’s Children</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Bill Johnson</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>December 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>104-115</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_2855.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>2855</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Eskimos Solve the Future</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>George Guthridge</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>April 1986</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>64 - 74</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <text>brainstorming, education, multiculturalism</text>
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        <text>An excellent article on education, brainstorming, and multiculturalism. Worth reading just for the inspiration alone. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_25443.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>25443</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Energy for Planet Earth</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Ged R. Davis</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>September 1990</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>54-62</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Human beings depend on energy for their livelihood. As population and energy production grow so does the threat to the environment. Achieving a sustainable relationship between energy and te environment hinges on technological innovation and our ability to generate and use energy in ecologically sound ways. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>ecology, economics, energy, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_27982.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Energy For Motor Vehicles</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Deborah L. Beviss and Peter Walzer</text>
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        <text>September 1990</text>
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        <text>The world’s fleet of cars, trucks and buses, numbering 500 million, grows faster than the human population and consumes half of the world’s oil. More efficient engines, alternative fuels and new transit systems promise to slow the growth of oil consumption and mitigate its environmental consequences. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>energy, technology, transportation</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_27703.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Energy For Industry</text>
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        <text>Marc H. Ross and Daniel Steinmeyer</text>
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        <text>Economic growth and energy use once marched in lockstep. Now industrial output is climbing while energy use declines. Incremental changes in processing—including sensors and on-line control systems—are the reason. Further savings, though, may require technological breakthroughs. </text>
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        <text>energy, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_26692.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Energy For Buildings and Homes</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Rick Bevington and Arthur H. Rosenfeld</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>September 1990</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>76-86</text>
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        <text>Improvements during the 1970’s and 1980’s cut energy use in U.S. buildings by a third. Even more powerful are today’s technologies, which range from advanced heating, cooling and lighting systems to superwindows and automated controls. They improve comfort and drastically reduce operating costs. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_151685.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>End of the Proterozoic Eon</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Andrew H. Knoll</text>
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        <text>October 1991</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>64-73</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Microscopic, single-celled organisms inhabited the earth for nearly four billion years. Then, just 600 million years ago, the macroscopic ancestors of modern plants and animals suddenly appeared, signaling the end of the Proterozoic eon. What caused the abrupt change? Evidence suggests that a rapid increase in atmospheric oxygen made multicellular life possible. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_179553.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Eloquent Remains</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Philip E. Ross</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1992</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>114-125</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Among those who listen to the long dead are a new breed of archaeologists. Instead of trowels and brushes, they wield the techniques of molecular biology to analyse residues of nucleic acids and proteins that remain in ancient mummies and bones. Their efforts promise to trace the divisions, migrations, extinctions and expansions that have marked the biological history of humanity. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>ancientHistory, anthropology, archaeology, biology, microbiology, science</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>Trends in Molecular Archaeology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_100058.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Electrides</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>James L. Dye</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>September 1987</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>66-75</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>In this new class of crystalline materials, derived from cesium, potassiom and other alkali metals, a lattice of positively charged atoms caged in neutral molecules is held together by trapped clouds of free-floating electrons. Various kinds of electrids can be made, whose electronic and optical properties range from those of nonmetals to those of metals. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>chemistry, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_54109.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>10045</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>18</id>
        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Electrical enterprise</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Ian Allaby</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>Oct/Nov 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>48-52</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Small is beautiful when it comes to hydro power. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>economics, energy</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_38626.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Eifelheim</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Michael T. Flynn</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>November 1986</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>138-176</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Novella</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>history, scienceFiction</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>43</id>
        <text>A well-written story (won best novella that year) mixing modern physics with medieval German history. </text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_26603.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>26603</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Efficient Use of Energy</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Arnold P. Ficket, Clark W. Gellings and Amory B. Lovis</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>September 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>64-74</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>The demand for electricity seems almost insatiable. But building new power plants is costly, time-consuming and can harm the environment. A promising solution—and one the utilities themselves are pushing—is greater efficiency. Lights and motors are a good place to begin. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>economics, energy, technology</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_189555.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>189555</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Education For Change</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>May 1992</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>4-12</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>education, mathematics</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>43</id>
        <text>Discusses the role of education in the US adopting the metric system. </text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_130155.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>130155</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Eden Regained</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>F. M. Busby</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>March 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>96-103</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_52938.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>52938</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>4363</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>18</id>
        <text>Xeroxed Article</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Economics of Imperium</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>12</id>
        <text>Robert J. Prior</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>13</id>
        <text>Available from author</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>17</id>
        <text>Discusses aspects of the ancient Roman economy. Particular attention is paid to a computer simulation of the economy of a small town. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>16</id>
        <text>ancientHistory, computers, economics</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_30870.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>30870</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Economic Scofflaws</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Rinehart S. Potts</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>November 1976</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>5-12,165-167</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>economics</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_20538.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>20538</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>6529</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>18</id>
        <text>CBC Radio</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>East Timor: The Hidden Holocaust</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Rosalind Goldsmith</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>Ideas</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>60 minutes</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>October 10, 1989</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>In 1975 the Indonesian government invaded East Timor and slaughtered about one-third of the island’s population. Why has the world ignored this holocaust?</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>history, multiculturalism</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_46696.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>46696</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Earthquakes in Stable Continental Crust</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Arch C. Johnston and Lisa R. Kanter</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>March 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>68-75</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>The word “earthquake” conjures up the Pacific rim and other regions where the tectonic plates making up the planet’s crust interact. Yet continental sites far from plate boundaries have experienced severe earthquakes—Missouri, for example. Just where are such events likely to occur? By what mechanisms?</text>
    </content>
    <content>
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        <text>The world’s tropical forests are vanishing at the rate of thousands of square miles a year, diminishing biological diversity, perhaps promoting climate change, and depriving developing countries of valuable resources. What can be done to change the government policies in many Southern Hemisphere countries that actively promote the destruction? </text>
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card_33707.xml
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card_51988.xml
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        <text>Creating fractal landscapes with a home computer</text>
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card_110560.xml
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        <text>Courtship in Unisexual Lizards: A Model for Brain Evolution</text>
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        <text>David Crews</text>
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card_18963.xml
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        <text>Court of Ideas: Socrates Appeals</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>February 28, 1989</text>
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        <text>When Socrates was condemned to death for corrupting the young, was the verdict correct?  Was the sentence justified?  Was he guilty, or an innocent martyr?</text>
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card_18686.xml
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        <text>Court of Ideas: Pontius Pilate vs. St. Mark</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>Are the Gospels a true account of the trial and crucifixtion of Jesus? The issue is not the events themselves, but the manner in which they were reported, when Pontius Pilate sues St. Mark for libel. </text>
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card_20308.xml
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        <text>Court of Ideas: Pericles</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <text>June 20, 1989</text>
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        <text>Champion of the People’s Democracy, or ruthless and cold-blooded imperialist?  Accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and “misleading the people,” Pericles faces the inexorable justice of the Court of Ideas.</text>
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card_112055.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>Court of Ideas: Nero</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <text>ancientHistory, history</text>
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        <text>Tonight Nero, the Emperor of Rome, stands in the dock. He’s accused on charges of matricide, multiple murder, criminal arson, cheating in the Olympic Games and other crimes too numerous to mention. </text>
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card_19384.xml
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    <owner>6529</owner>
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Court of Ideas: Julius Caesar</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <text>November 22, 1989</text>
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        <text>Did the Ides of March save constitutional government in Rome from a dictator?  Accused of murder, Brutus pleads justifiable homicide.</text>
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card_167335.xml
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    <owner>6529</owner>
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        <id>18</id>
        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Court of IDEAS: Herod</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>November 13, 1991</text>
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        <text><span class="style1">he builder of Masada and th Wailing Wall finds his surviving family contesting his will on the grounds of mental incompetence. Featuring IDEAS host </span><span class="style2">Lister Sinclair</span><span class="style1"> and </span><span class="style2">A. Trevor Hodge</span><span class="style1"> of Carleton University. </span></text>
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card_18758.xml
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    <owner>6529</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>Court of Ideas: Cleopatra vs. Augustus</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <text>ancientHistory, history</text>
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        <text>Suicide, or murder? Cleopatra comes to the Court of Ideas for justice. </text>
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card_57087.xml
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card_146474.xml
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        <text><span class="style1">They make a devastation, and call it peace.” Boadicea, Queen of the revolting British, declares that the Roman “civilization” of Britain was a Bad Thing. Featuring IDEAS host </span><span class="style2">Lister Sinclair</span><span class="style1"> with </span><span class="style2">A. Trevor Hodge</span><span class="style1"> of Carleton University. </span></text>
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        <text>Machines that manipulate symbols according to rules may well never achieve intelligence, but, the authors argue, the proposition does not have absolute force. New kinds of systems (such as artificial neural networks) whose physical organization mimics that of the brain might well succeed. </text>
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card_110000.xml
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        <text>When Fransico Pizarro and the conquistadores invaded Peru in the 16th century, they carted away tons of gold and silver. Yet they ignored the most ancient and sophisticated metallurgical tradition. For six centuries, copper alloys have been the mainstay of Peruvian technology and commerce. </text>
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card_118674.xml
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        <text>They are essential tools of tfeh building trade and can be found in a wide variety of forms wherever high-rise structures climb towards the sky. Selecting the right crane for the job is critical for reasons both of economy and of safety, and at a crowded urban site the choice can sometimes present a formidable engineering challenge. </text>
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card_132167.xml
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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card_156497.xml
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        <text>Computers, Networks and Work</text>
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        <text>Lee Sproul and Sara Kiesler</text>
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        <text>“Does anybody know...?” Such public vulnerability on corporate electronic bulletin boards indicates how rapidly networks are changing the nature of work. Employees grow more open as well as less hierarchical and status conscious. Can management adapt to a more flexible and dynamic environment? </text>
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card_156909.xml
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        <text>Thomas W. Malone and John F. Rockart</text>
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        <text>128-136</text>
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        <text>By coordinating activities, the computer network has begun to change production and marketing, forcing a redefinition of competitive advantage. In order to prevail in the changing environment, firms have begun to restructure their management, pushing strategic decisions downward in the organization. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_157110.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <text>Music comes from the musician, not the piano. So, too, the desire to learn comes from the student, not the computer. Computers in classrooms will not automatically improve education. Used wisely, though, they can be a force in education as potent as the advent of privately owned books in the Renaissance. </text>
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card_118502.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Science in Pictures</text>
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card_26945.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <text>G. Harry Stine</text>
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        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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card_30654.xml
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        <text>Essay</text>
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card_135146.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <text>Michael L. Dertouzos</text>
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        <text>The transformation of civilization through the fusion of computing and communications technologies has been predicted for at least 50 years. Now the revolution has truly begun. The impact will be as profound as was the shift from an agrarian to an industrial society. </text>
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        <text>computers, society, technology, telecommunications</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_157505.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Common Law for the Electronic Frontier</text>
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        <text>Anne W. Branscomb</text>
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        <text>September 1991</text>
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        <text>154-158</text>
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        <text>Policy inevitably lags technology. For the benefits of the information age to be fully realized, legislators, the courts and technical experts must forge new rules of tfh road for data highways that include strong protection for personal freedom. </text>
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        <text>computers, ethics, law, society, technology, telecommunications</text>
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        <text>Computers, Networks and Public Policy</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_165884.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <id>47</id>
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    <content>
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        <text>Commercial Space: The New Cold War</text>
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        <text>Donald F. Robertson</text>
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card_190600.xml
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_97207.xml
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<card>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Collisions between Spinning Protons</text>
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        <text>Alan D. Krisch</text>
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        <text>August 1987</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>42-50</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>the outcome of a collision between two protons shows a surprising dependence on their directions of spin. the results challenge the prevailing theory that describes the proton’s structure and forces. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_128542.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Collisionless Shock Waves</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Roald Z. Sagdeev and Charles F. Kennel</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>April 1991</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>106-113</text>
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        <text>The sonic boom of a jet aircraft is caused by a shock wave carried along by molecules colliding in the air. In the near vaccuum of space, particle collisions are rare. Yet, as the authors theorized years ago, shock waves do exist in space, transmitted through the tenuous plasma by electric and magnetic fields. These shock waves help explain some of the most violent phenomena in the universe. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>astrophysics, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_131175.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Colliding Galaxies</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Joshua Barnes, Lars Hernquist and François Schweizer</text>
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        <text>August 1991</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>40-47</text>
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        <text>Like cars on a superhighway, galaxies spinning through space tend to clump together, so that some collisions are inevitable. Unlike crashing automobiles, however, colliding galaxies can merge or even pass right through one another. Galactic mergers may be responsible for the formation of huge elliptical galaxies and for the activation of quasars. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>astronomy, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_110203.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Collective Computation in Neuronlike Circuits</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>David W. Tank and John J. Hopfield</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>December 1987</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>104-114</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Computers excel at rote tasks such as crunching numbers, but they cannot recognize a face or carry out many other operations that people and animals do rapidly and automatically. Electronic circuits based on biological nervous systems can perform significant computations and are inspiring new designs for chips and computers. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>computers, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_102163.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Collapsing Volcanoes</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Peter Francis and Stephen Self</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>June 1987</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>90-97</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>In the life cycle of many volcanoes a catastrophic collapse is a “normal” event. The details of th process are revealed in the deposits left by the devastating avalanches of debris. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>geology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_104596.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Cold Nuclear Fusion</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Johann Rafelski and Steven E. Jones</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>July 1987</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>84-89</text>
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    <content>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>The electronlike particles called muons can catalyze nuclear fusion reactions, eliminating the need for powerful lasers or high-temperature plasmas. The process may one day become a commercial energy source. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>energy, physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_85258.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>85258</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Coevolution of the Cuckoo and Its Hosts</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Nicholas B. Davies and Michael Brooke</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>January 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>92-98</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>the cuckoo is an accomplished parasite that tricks other birds into rearing its young. The hosts gain no benefit because the hatchling ejects their eggs from the nest. Both species engage in an evolutionary arms race—the host attempting to thwart predation, the cuckoo developing subtle subterfuge. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, ecology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_109161.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>109161</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Coal-fired Power Plants for the Future</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Richard E. Balzhiser and Kurt E. Yeager</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>September 1987</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>100-107</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>By the end of the century some 70 percent of the electricity generated in the U.S. may come from coal-fired power plants. To improve their efficiency and to reduce environmental impact new kinds of plants are called for, based on fluidized-bed combustion and coal gasification; such plants may also be able to yield sulfer in economically useful forms. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>energy, technology</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_86859.xml
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<card>
    <id>86859</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Club Armageddon</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>F. Alexander Brejcha</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
        <text>Mid-December 1990</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>89-99</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Short Story</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_93456.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>93456</id>
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Climate Modelling</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Stephen H. Schneider</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May, 1987</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>72-80</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>Will the “greenhouse effect” bring on another Dust Bowl? Would nuclear war mean “nuclear winter”? Computer models of the earth’s climate yield clues to its future as well as to its checkered past. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>computers, meteorology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_143747.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>143747</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>3620</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Cleaning Up Coal</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Elizabeth Corcoran</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1991</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>106-116</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>Trends in Energy</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>According to the percentages, coal is still King. Coal-fired power plants generate more than 50 percent of U.S. electricity. But every year those utilities also pour forth 70 percent of the sulphur dioxide and significant portions of other pollutants that cause acid rain and contribute to clobal warming. Now the U.S. is trying a novel market-based approach to reducing those emissions. </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>economics, energy, law, politics, society, technology</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_155852.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>155852</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>10045</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>18</id>
        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Classrooms without walls</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Dan Schneider, Bruce Obee and Don Cayo</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>August/September 1991</text>
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card_23452.xml
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        <text>Citizens at the summit — 2</text>
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        <text>On the agenda of last June’s “citizens’ summit” were free trade, the poverty of economics, ecological devastation, Third World debt, the high price of militarism, growing economic inequality, and the need to create a new social movement to support and build alternatives. From interviews with summit participants, we get a snapshot of the state of the world and the state of the movement to change it.</text>
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card_23270.xml
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        <text>Citizens at the summit — 1</text>
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        <text>Last June the leaders of Canada, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Great Britain, and the United States gathered in Toronto for an economic summit. Just across town, another summit was going on, a citizens’ summit, and there the tone was more urgent. Citizens from around the world came to call for peace, justice, and an end to environmental destruction. We hear from those voices.</text>
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        <text>An earlier column discussed cities and our modern images of them, pointing out that cities have evolved in size and complexity just as social institutions have. This column examines the relationships between cities, taxes, and civilization.  </text>
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card_84192.xml
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        <text>Chromosome Mapping with DNA Markers</text>
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        <text>New markers called RFLP’s (for restriction-fragment length polymorphisms) can indicate the location on a chromosome of a disease-causing gene and serve to identify carriers. With enough markers one can map the human chromosomes—the first step towards an ambitious goal of molecular biology: sequencing the entire human genome. </text>
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card_105931.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Chips for Advanced Computing</text>
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        <text>James D. Meindl</text>
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        <text>October 1987</text>
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        <text>The chip is the building block of computer architecture. The goal is speed, the strategy miniaturization. As elements grow smaller their density increases geometrically and operating speed goes up arithmetically; by the year 2000 there may be a billion elements on a single chip. </text>
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card_61799.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Children of the Garden Island</text>
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        <text>Emmy E. Werner</text>
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        <text>For most children the combination of reproductive stress and a childhood burdened by poverty, family discord and inadequate nuturing spells a bleak future. Yet some manage to thrive. What explains their resilience? The author has found some answers by following, from birth to the age of 18, the cohort of children born in 1955 on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. </text>
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        <text>Childhood Escape</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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card_42200.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Chestnut Blight</text>
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        <text>Joseph R. Newhouse</text>
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        <text>Settlers in eastern North America were greeted by nearly unbroken forests of majestic chestnut trees. this versatile hardwood provided food, fuel, furniture and fence posts. Then, beginning around 1900, the chestnut was all but wiped out by a blight from Asia. Now biotechnology has uncovered the genetic basis for the disease’s virulence, pointing to ways the fungus might be controlled. </text>
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card_171161.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Chemical Fuels from the Sun</text>
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        <text>Israel Dostrovsky</text>
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        <text>December 1991</text>
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        <text>102-107</text>
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        <text>Direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity has shortcomings. The energy cannot be stored efficiently, and it is difficult to transport over long distances. But heat from the sun can be captured in environmentally benign chemical fuels that can be used and then re-formed through reversible reactions. One possibility being explored is syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. </text>
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    <name></name>
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card_5488.xml
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Chaos and Fractals in Human Physiology</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Ary L. Goldberger, David R. Rigney and Bruce J. West</text>
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        <text>February 1990</text>
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        <text>42 - 49</text>
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        <id>5</id>
        <text>Science in Pictures</text>
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        <text>The healthy heart beats to a rhythm that is ever-changing—but that can become more periodic at the onset of disease.  Chaotic dynamics may underlie the formation of many fractallike structures in the body.</text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>biology, chaos, computers, mathematics, science</text>
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card_189741.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <id>34</id>
        <text>CERN and the LHC</text>
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        <id>35</id>
        <text>John G. Cramer</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>May 1992</text>
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        <id>40</id>
        <text>138-142</text>
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        <id>41</id>
        <text>The Alternate View</text>
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        <id>42</id>
        <text>physics, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_173711.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Catching the Wave</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Russell Ruthen</text>
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        <text>March 1992</text>
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        <text>Dr. Cornelia Baines and Dr. Eric Mintz</text>
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        <text><span class="style1">wo programs on what epidemiologists do. A nationwide study has found that regular X-ray screening for breast cancer is not useful for women under 50, though it saves lives for those over 50. </span><span class="style2">Dr. Cornelia Baines</span><span class="style1"> untangles the myths about discovering and treating breast cancer. Where is the heterosexual AIDS epidemic in North America? </span><span class="style2">Dr. Eric Mintz</span><span class="style1"> analyzes the tactics and results of misdirected public health campaigns by governments and media. </span></text>
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card_138537.xml
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        <text>A sequel to “Little Monsters” (November 1989). </text>
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card_84558.xml
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        <text>Building the Cathedral in Florence</text>
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        <text>Gustina Scaglia</text>
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        <text>By 1418, after more than a century of construction, the walls of Santa Maria del Fiore rose high over Florence. Still lacking, though, was a plan for a dome to cap the cathedral. Brunelleschi’s design for a double-walled vault topped by an orb and a cross, completed in 1470, was an engineering triumph. His techiques foreshadowed modern structural engineering; his machines, the Industrial Revolution. </text>
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        <text>Building a Market Economy in Poland</text>
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        <text>Disgruntled residents of the former Soviet Union. who were greeted on the new year by astonishing prices and virtually bare shelves, may take some comfort from the example of Poland. When similar economic shock therapy was administered in 1990, prices and unemployment also soared. That economy is imperiled by unprivatized industry, but affordable goods are available: entrepeneurs are flourishing. </text>
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        <text>Greg Stec</text>
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        <text>Biophere-2 will arch across the Arizona desert just north of Tucson. Inside there will be five distinct environments, or “biomes,” modelled after Biosphere-1’s large-scale ecology: rain forest, savanna, marsh, Ocean, and desert. The 35-foot deep ocean will have its own wave-making system to support a coral reef and other life accustomed to the dynamics of the open sea. </text>
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card_6764.xml
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        <text>An award-winning celebration of the greatest and most influential scientific book ever written: Sir Isaac Newton’s “Philosophia Naturalis Prinsipia Mathematica.”</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_91937.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer</text>
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        <text>Rolf F. Barth, Albert H. Soloway and Ralph G. Fairchild</text>
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        <text>100-107</text>
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        <text>In theory, it is simple—even elegant. Boron is concentrated in tumor tissue. Neutrons, which pass harmlessly through normal tissue, are captured by the boron. The boron nuclei then emit lethal radiation, killing the cancer. Problems, such as generating enough neutrons, have been daunting, but progress is being made. </text>
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card_190225.xml
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        <text>Blood Relations</text>
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        <text>Julia Ecklar</text>
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        <text>12-61</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_177226.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Blind Spots</text>
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        <text>Vilayanur S. Ramachandran</text>
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        <text>May 1992</text>
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        <text>Every child has made a dot on a piece of paper disappear by moving it into the blind spot of the eye. Here the author uses the blind spot to explore a sophisticated perceptual function: the ability of the brain to interpolate visual information. </text>
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        <text>Science in Pictures</text>
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card_32670.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Black Holes in Galactic Centers</text>
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        <text>Martin J. Rees</text>
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        <text>September 1990</text>
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        <text>56-66</text>
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        <text>Mounting evidence suggests that dormant black holes lie at the center of many galaxies. In the youngest galaxies, active black holes may be the engine powering quasars that are brighter than 100 billion stars. The first quasars appeared soon after the birth of the universe—so soon, in fact, that the accepted big bang theory may have difficulty explaining their origin. </text>
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        <text>astrophysics</text>
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card_53717.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Birds know no boundaries</text>
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        <text>James A. Burnett</text>
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        <text>Puffins and terns rule the roost on a disputed Fundy island. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, ecology, geography</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_133862.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Biosensors</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Jerome S. Schultz</text>
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        <text>August 1991</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>64-69</text>
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        <text>Take a compenent of banana pulp, crab antennae, cucumber leaves or rabbit muscle, then hook it into an electrical circuit or connect it to optical fibers. The result is a real-time sensor for biologically important substances, ranging from blood oxygen or glucose levels to drugs and environmental toxins. Many biosensors will soon become a routine part of medical diagnosis and monitoring. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, medicine, microbiology, remoteSensing, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_176893.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>176893</id>
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        <text>Biological Roles of Nitric Oxide</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Solomon H. Snyder and David S. Bredt</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1992</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>68-77</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>One of the body’s most versatile regulatory chemicals is not a complex protein but a simple, highly toxic inorganic molecule that persists for less than 10 seconds. Nitric oxide transmits messages between neurons, signals blood vessels to dilate and is the weapon of white blood cells against tumors and bacteria. Its intricate physiological functions have been revealed over the past five years. </text>
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        <id>6</id>
        <text>biology, chemistry, medicine, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_148564.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Biological Control of Weeds</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Gary A. Strobel</text>
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        <id>3</id>
        <text>July 1991</text>
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        <id>4</id>
        <text>72-78</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>No one knows for sure when an unwanted plant was first termed a weed, but the idea certainly preceeds the writing of the Old Testament. These plants have been pulled up, plowed under and poisoned, but the age-old battle rages on. The latest ploy: enlisting such natural enemies of weeds as insects and fungi. Will these new allies give humans the edge? </text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>agriculture, biology, ecology, science</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
</card>


card_14170.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>14170</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Biofeedback In Space</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Walter B. Hendrickson, Jr.</text>
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        <text>January 1985</text>
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        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <text>medicine, space</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_177538.xml
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<card>
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>Binary Optics</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Wilfred B. Veldkamp and Thomas J. McHugh</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>May 1992</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>92-97</text>
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        <id>7</id>
        <text>Advanced optics that make it possible to etch delicate circuits on semiconductors created the microelectronics revolution. Now those same photolithographic techniques are having an important impact on optics. Arrays of tiny lenses carved into silicon wafers promise machine vision systems that mimic biological sight and integrated optical processors for communications. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>computers, physics, remoteSensing, science, technology, telecommunications</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_71987.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Bias in Social Science Research</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Augustine Brannigan and Ferrel Christensen</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>120 minutes</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
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        <text>Dec 6,13, 1990</text>
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        <text>Expert testiminy in court, based on “what people will do” on psychological tests, influences trial outcomes, case law, and the fate of individuals and social groups. But social science research, since it rarely takes place in the real world, is a tricky business. Sociologist Augustine Brannigan (University of Calgary) and philosopher Ferrel Christensen (University of Alberta) analyze the biases that plague research especially in contentious areas like determining the effect of violent pornography. </text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>philosophy, psychology, science, society</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_11202.xml
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    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
    </content>
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Beyond the Global Village</text>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Arthur C. Clarke</text>
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        <id>37</id>
        <text>December 1983</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>6-14</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Editorial</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>geography, history, multiculturalism, telecommunications</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_17351.xml
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<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>17351</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
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    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>6529</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>18</id>
        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>1</id>
        <text>Beyond Fingers and Thumbs</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>2</id>
        <text>Lister Sinclair and Michael R. Williams</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>4</id>
        <text>60 minutes</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>5</id>
        <text>January 12, 1989</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>7</id>
        <text>You can count on this one!  A celebration of calculating devices: fingers, thumbs, the abacus, logs, slide rules, calculating machines, and the modern computer.</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>3</id>
        <text>Ideas</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>6</id>
        <text>history, mathematics</text>
    </content>
    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_78281.xml
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<card>
    <id>78281</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>2691</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_143969.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>34</id>
        <text>Ben Franklin’s Laser</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>35</id>
        <text>Doug Beason</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>37</id>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>40</id>
        <text>68-88</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>41</id>
        <text>Novelette</text>
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    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>42</id>
        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
    <script></script>
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card_13669.xml
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<card>
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        <text>Why have medieval books of hours endured the passage of time while books published only fifty years ago have become brittle and fragile?  Vancouver writer Bill Richardson looks at the crisis facing librarians and archivists who must find ways to keep precious works from crumbling to dust.</text>
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        <text>The existence of life depends on the accurate transmission of genetic information. Artificial chromosomes made from DNA of yeast cells, protozoa and bacterial viruses may illuminate how such transmission is accomplished. The chromosomes may also yield clues to the causes of Down syndrome and provide new tools for genetic engineering. </text>
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        <text>The verve of op art, the serenity of a pointallist painting and the 3-D puzzlement of an Escher print derive from the interplay of the art with the anatomy of the visual system. Colr, shape and movement are each processed seperately by different structures in the eye and brain and then are combined to produce the experience we call perception. </text>
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        <text>Canadian Geographic</text>
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        <text>Arhaeological dilemma</text>
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        <text>Should War of 1812 shipwrecks be raised after robot sub reveals they are disintegrating? </text>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Arches and Vaults in the Ancient Near East</text>
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        <text>Gus W. Van Beek</text>
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        <text>Working with sun-dried mud brick and mud mortar, masons in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Levant built arches and vaults that were graceful as well as durable. Their methods are worth studying today. </text>
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        <text>Was it a bird? Or a reptile? It turns out that Archaeopteryx was more than a little of both. The six existing fossils of this chicken-size creature, equipped with feathers and lizardlike teeth, tell an intriguing tale about how the development of flight guided the evolution of modern birds. </text>
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card_142232.xml
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        <text>To the few physicists who first thought about them, anyons were mathematical curiosities that provided new insights into the theory of quantum mechanics. But experimental evidence accumulated over the past decade indicates that these entities do exist. In fact, the behavior of anyons offers a compelling explanation for high-temperature superconductivity. </text>
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card_89220.xml
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        <text>How can one kill a virus and not the host cell in which it is physically and functionally incorporated? New antiviral drugs exploit the subtle molecular contrasts between virus and host. </text>
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card_41205.xml
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        <text>A cell translates code-carrying “sense” RNA into protein. Some cells also make “antisense” RNA, which can bind to a particular messenger and thwart translation. In the laboratory, such a molecule can block the expression of a gene and thus reveal the gene’s function. In the future, antisense molecules might be recruited to turn off viral genes. </text>
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card_122859.xml
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        <text>Antiscience Trends in the U.S.S.R.</text>
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        <text>Sergei Kapitza</text>
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        <text><span class="style1">he sweeping changes set in motion by Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of </span><span class="style3">glasnost</span><span class="style1">  and </span><span class="style3">perestroika</span><span class="style1">  have had an odd consequence: antiscience and antitechnology sentiment are on the rise in the Soviet Union. Just as American hippies reacted during the Vietnam years, the Soviets are responding to their social crisis by turning to extrasensory perception, extraterrestrials, astrology and mysticism. </span></text>
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card_134163.xml
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        <text>Antichaos and Adaptation</text>
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        <text>Stuart A. Kauffman</text>
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        <text>If the tentative conclusions of this biophysicist and his collegues are correct, there is more to evolution than natural selection. He argues that the mathematical idea of antichaos—that disorder in complex systems can suddenly crystallize into order—plays a crucial role in biology. </text>
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card_61253.xml
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        <text>André-Marie Ampère</text>
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        <text>In the early 19th century Ampère made pioneering contributions to the philospohy of science and the study of electricuty and magnetism. His conviction that theoretical entities—themselves unobservable—could nonetheless be studied through their interactions guided his investigation of the magnetic effects of electric currents. </text>
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card_140398.xml
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        <text>And Now—Supergravity!</text>
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        <text>Margaret L. Silbar</text>
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card_165169.xml
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        <text>And God Bless Robert E. Lee</text>
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        <text>Charles D. Eckert</text>
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card_6368.xml
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        <text>Ancient Glazes</text>
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        <text>Pamela B. Vandiver</text>
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        <text>For centuries artisans have laboured in vain to re-create such legendary glazed ceramics as the sea-green celadons of 13th-century China and tfeh jewellike tile that adorned the palaces of the Ottoman Turks.  The lost secrets of ancient glazing technology are now being revealed through the marriage of archaeology, art history and the tools of modern materials science.</text>
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card_14440.xml
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        <text>An Introduction to Psychohistory</text>
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        <text>Michael Flynn</text>
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        <text>Science Fact</text>
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        <text>economics, history, multiculturalism, politics, psychology, science, technology</text>
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        <text>A good grounding in the application of statistical techniques to social data.  Not necessarily true, but thought-provoking.  </text>
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card_167564.xml
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        <text>An Evening At Dempke’s</text>
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        <text>Janet Lorimer</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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card_130434.xml
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        <text>An End to Darkness</text>
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        <text>J. H. Ulowetz</text>
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        <text>March 1991</text>
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        <text>108-123</text>
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        <text>Short Story</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_161125.xml
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    <owner>2691</owner>
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        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>47</id>
        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>An Empty Wheelhouse</text>
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        <text>Sean McMullen</text>
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        <text>January 1992</text>
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        <text>142-158</text>
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        <text>Novelette</text>
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        <text>scienceFiction</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_121318.xml
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    <owner>6529</owner>
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <id>1</id>
        <text>An Athabaska Story</text>
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        <text>Jenifer Sutherland</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>60 minutes</text>
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        <text>It’s the world’s most northerly black community, going back to 1910. The settlers came from Oklahoma seeking equality and land. Weaving their stories, past and present, Jenifer Sutherland explores how human values relfect a community. </text>
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        <text>history, multiculturalism, society</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_149458.xml
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    <owner>3620</owner>
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>Along for the Ride?</text>
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        <text>Gary Stix</text>
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        <text>July 1991</text>
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        <text>94-106</text>
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        <text>Today’s “smart” aircraft can virtually fly themselves to any point on the globe. Computerized navigation systems and flight controls are replacing pilots’ Right Stuff with expertise in systems management. Airframe manufacturers insist these are the safest planes ever flown, but pilots are sometimes ill at ease in these “glass cockpits.” </text>
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card_125695.xml
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        <text>International cooperation reaches the ocean depths as Soviet scientists invite Americans to join pioneering submersible missions.</text>
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card_98757.xml
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card_42855.xml
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        <text>It is not the HIV virus that kills most AIDS victims. It is a fatal progression of opportunistic infections such as ‘Pneumocystis’ pneumonia that flourish as the virus weakens the body’s immune system. Because these infections account for as many as 90 percent of AIDS deaths, prolonging lives depends on controlling them. New treatments are helping. </text>
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card_80967.xml
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card_21994.xml
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card_121522.xml
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        <text>The mistresses of the mighty are an exotic and captivating lot. They have been tolerated, smiled upon, and often encouraged in their inner circles of power. Karin Wells takes a light-hearted look at the couresans of history who have made our leaders all too human. </text>
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card_105143.xml
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        <text>Aerodynamics of Wind Pollination</text>
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        <text>Many plants are almost perfectly engineered to capture pollen from the wind. Cones, flower clusters and other structures channel the airflow—and sperm-producing pollen—toward reproductive surfaces. </text>
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card_51188.xml
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        <text>Advanced Light-Water Reactors</text>
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        <text>Michael W. Golay and Neil E. Todreas</text>
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        <text>Environmental concerns, economics and the earth’s finite store of fossil fuels argue for a resusitation of nuclear power. The authors think improved light-water reactors incorporating “passive” safety features can be both safe and profitable (provided that the utilities sharpen their management act). But can such reactors be sold successfully to a justifiably skeptical public? </text>
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card_107086.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Piet Hut and Gerald Jay Sussman</text>
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        <text>Computing has begun to change how science is done. Computing can reckon the results of unforseen combinations of factors or the influence of small effects. Galaxies can be hurled together and the results compared to the actual behavior of matter far out in the universe. </text>
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card_107440.xml
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        <text>Advanced Computing for Medicine</text>
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        <text>Glenn D. Rennels and Edward H. Shortliffe</text>
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        <text>A patient visits her doctor because of low-back pain. Could the symptom point to a recurrence of resious illness? Computing might support the extraordinary intuitive process by which a physician answers that question. Such expert systems may become as indispensable as the stethoscope. </text>
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card_107623.xml
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        <text>Advanced Computing for Manufacturing</text>
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        <text>Albert M. Erisman and Kenneth W. Neves</text>
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        <text>October 1987</text>
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        <text>162-169</text>
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        <text>Designing a product such as an airframe can require thousands of hours and millions of dollars’ worth of model building, testing and prototype refinement. Supercomputers can cut time and cost sharply, and they can model such physical processes as airflow in entirely new ways. </text>
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card_105724.xml
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        <text>Advanced Compuetr Architectures</text>
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        <text>Supercomputers can perform millions of operations per second. To perform billions of operations per second, a new computer architecture called parallel processing must be realized; such machines solve the elements of a problem simultaneously rather than in sequence. </text>
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card_49796.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>Adoptive Immunotherapy for Cancer</text>
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        <text>Every so often, a cancer mysteriously disappears, probably destroyed by the patients own defenses. With the aid of recombinant-DNA technology, researchers are boosting the odds by “teaching” patients’ immune cells to attack cancer. Some patients have been helped; improved treatments are being tested. </text>
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        <text>Adoption</text>
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card_90188.xml
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card_62211.xml
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        <text>For now, at least, tensions have eased between the nuclear superpowers. But the chance of a nuclear exchange between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. remains a frightening possibility. In both nations, a misslie could be launched accidentally or without the oversight of top officials. To prevent unintended Armageddon, those nations should place additional safeguards on nuclear arsenals. </text>
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card_22631.xml
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        <text><span class="style1">ecurity agencies thrive on secrecy; democracies require openness. Canada’s access laws and our national security service have coexisted uneasily for five years. Historian </span><span class="style2">Greg Kealey</span><span class="style1"> examines their relationship in light of his own experience with CSIS and the legislation.</span></text>
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card_188279.xml
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        <text>“Absinthe,” the English poet Dowson punned, “makes the tart grow fonder.” Thujone, the toxic ingredient of the bitter, pale-green liqueur, also inspired Impressionist painters and Symbolist poets in 19th-century France and other European countries. Eventually the dangers of absinthe were recognized, and the drink was outlawed. Today we make do with Pernod. </text>
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        <text>A.J. Austin</text>
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        <text>Biolog</text>
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card_17096.xml
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        <text>“Look it up!”  But when we do, are we aware of how much the dictionary describes not just our language, but our world?  This two-part series tells the story of the monumental Oxford English Dictionary, first as it was assembled in the 19th century, and now as it adapts to computer technology and new ideas about English.  We hear the voices of the past and present, as lexicographers struggle to make sense of our world of words.</text>
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card_122569.xml
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        <text><span class="style1">s more native peoples reject Canadian courts and call for seperate legal systems, IDEAS restages a turn-of-the-century Cree murder trial. A verdict was returned, but was justice done? Anthropologist </span><span class="style2">Jeanne Cannizzo</span><span class="style1">. </span></text>
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card_69171.xml
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        <text>A Surge in Inequality</text>
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        <text>Lester C. Thurow</text>
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        <text>International competition and the feminization of poverty are distorting the distribution of income. The remedy may be an aggressive investment in education and technology. </text>
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>A Story of Saint Brigit</text>
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        <text>Novelette</text>
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card_164530.xml
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        <text>A Speedy Trial</text>
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        <text>Stanley Schmidt</text>
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card_30339.xml
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        <text>A Roman Factory</text>
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        <text>A. Trevor Hodge</text>
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        <text>In the south of France lie the ruins of a large mill complex, whose 16 water wheels provided flour to the citizens of Arelate, the Roman predecessor of Arles. Ignored until 1940, the mill is rare evidence that the Roman Empire did not fall for want of mechanical power needed for industrial production. </text>
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card_159205.xml
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        <text>Analog</text>
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        <text>A Roll of Round Dice</text>
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card_74470.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>A potporri of programmed prose and prosody</text>
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        <text>A.K. Dewdney</text>
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        <text>June 1989</text>
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card_163935.xml
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card_90577.xml
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        <text>Will a chess-playing computer defeat a grandmaster by the year 2000? “No way,” said world chess champion Gary K. Kasparov in 1988. But less than a year later, Deep Thought, a computer designed by the authors, did just that. Already under way is the construction of a successor machine that will be 1,000 times faster. It may be able to mount a serious challenge to Kasparov as early as 1992. </text>
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card_83938.xml
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card_164229.xml
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card_139387.xml
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card_43980.xml
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        <text>Jearl Walker</text>
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card_89965.xml
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card_21165.xml
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>5 hours</text>
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        <text>Nov 11-17, 1989</text>
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        <text><span class="style1">echnology today defines who and what is useful and who and what is not. Technology has changed our relations to time and geographic distance, and has modified all manner of interpersonal communications. Some of these modifications have created new illusions, new myths. “The Global Village,” for instance, conjures illusions of human closeness when, in fact, the technological transfer of information usually hinders rather than helps the building of community. Technology, defined as the culturally grounded practice of working and living together, has laways been part of human existence. What is new is the externally enforced ‘perscriptiveness’ of modern technologies and the unprecidented scale of their interventions in everyday life.</span><span class="style2">Dr. Ursula Franklin</span><span class="style1"> is an experienced physicist, emeritus professor of metallurgy at the University of Toronto where in 1984 she was the first woman ever to be given the title University Professor, a former board member of the National Research Council and the Science Council of Canada, a fellow of the Royal Society, and an officer of the Order of Canada.</span></text>
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card_23731.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>“Necessary Illusions” — 1988 Massey Lectures</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>Noam Chomsky</text>
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        <text>Ideas</text>
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        <text>5 minutes</text>
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        <text>Nov 28-Dec 2, 1988</text>
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        <text>education, multiculturalism, philosophy, politics</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_49256.xml
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        <text>Scientific American</text>
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        <text>“Holographic” science to meet energy needs</text>
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        <text>Richard F. Tucker</text>
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        <text>March 1990</text>
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        <text>128</text>
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        <text>Essay</text>
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        <text>philosophy, science</text>
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    <name></name>
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card_55481.xml
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        <text>CBC Radio</text>
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        <text>“Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA” — The 1990 Massey Lectures</text>
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        <text>Richard Lewontin</text>
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        <text>5 hours</text>
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        <text><span class="style1">enetic engineering promises undreamed of control over the structure of plants, animals and even people.  A project to decode the complete human genetic sequence is planned, with enormous implications for the future.  Although science is said to be “objective”, biology especially is moulded by ideology.  Notions of cause and effect, organism and environment, individual and collective, are all derived from deeply held social prejudices.  Darwin’s theory of evolution, for example, was a projection onto nature of ideas embedded in 19th century capitalism; now sociobiology has “proven” society to be individualistic and hierarchical by nature.  What will biology “prove” next?  </span><span class="style2">Dr. Richard Lewontin</span><span class="style1">, distinguished geneticist and evolutionary biologist, is Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology at Harvard University.  His lectures examine the relationship betwen politics, ideology and the lab in the era of DNA, looking at the nature of science itself and exploring the possibilities of other ways of “knowing”.  </span></text>
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        <id>11</id>
        <text>Scientific American</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>“After MAD”: a computer game of nuclear strategy that ends in a Prisoner’s Dilemma</text>
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        <id>2</id>
        <text>A. K. Dewdney</text>
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        <text>October 1987</text>
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    <content>
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        <text>174-177</text>
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        <text>Computer Recreations</text>
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        <text>education, games, gameTheory, mathematics</text>
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